Question

1. Briefly explain the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID (3 mark)

Answer 1

Answer

Acute breathing Distress syndrome (ARDS) takes place even as fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) on your lungs. The fluid maintains your lungs from filling with enough air, because of this less oxygen reaches your bloodstream. This deprives your organs of the oxygen they want to function.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents viral pneumonia from SARS-CoV-2 (immoderate acute respiration syndrome coronavirus 2) infection major to acute respiration distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathological changes encompass diffuse alveolar damage due to viral infection and immunological injury, further to multi-organ dysfunction and large microthrombus formation. Maintenance of oxygenation is the key remedy strategy. Recommendations for COVID-19 ARDS are to apply oxygen to acquire SpO2>92%, to use immoderate float oxygen handiest in appropriate locations, to avoid NIV ( Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) supports the patient's breathing without the want for intubation or a tracheotomy ), to use willing ventilation and recollect ECMO ( Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a remedy that makes use of a pump to circulate blood thru an artificial lung returned into the bloodstream ) for rescue. Research is wanted to identify extra precise treatment plans for COVID-19 ARDS.

ARDS reasons diffuse alveolar damage within the lung. There is hyaline membrane formation in the alveoli in the intense stage, and that is observed by way of interstitial widening and with the useful resource of edema and then fibroblast proliferation in the organizing stage. COVID-19-ARDS reasons the everyday ARDS pathological changes of diffuse alveolar damage within the lung. As sufferers move via the course in their illness, the longer-term outcomes of ARDS are starting to be said, with lung fibrosis performing as a part of COVID-19 ARDS. One has an examination cautioned that 17% of sufferers had fibrous stripes in chest CT scans and taken into consideration that the fibrous lesions may form in the route of the recovery of pulmonary chronic infection or proliferative diseases, with the slow opportunity of cellular additives by scar tissues.