Question

1G Part 1

In terms of the digestive system, what is the term used to refer to the process or function of the release of fluids and digestive substances/chemicals?

1G Part 2

In terms of the digestive system, what is the term used to refer to the process of nutrients being taken into the bloodstream?

1G Part 3

In terms of the digestive system, what is the term used to refer to the process of food being broken down into smaller parts by muscles or digestive chemicals?

1G Part 4

In terms of the digestive system, what is the term used to refer to the elimination of waste from the body through defecation?

1G Part 5

The role of the saliva glands as a part of the digestive system is to release saliva into the mouth. Explain two ways saliva helps or facilitates the digestion process.

1G Part 6

What is the name of the muscular tunnel through which food reaches the stomach?

1G Part 7

Explain what the stomach does to physically break down food.

1G Part 8

Explain what the stomach does to chemically break down food.

Answer 1

Part 1 :: Secretion

Part 2 :: Absorption / Assimilation

Part 3 :: Mechanical and chemical breakdown

Part 4 :: Excretion

Part 5 :: 1.Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, also called ptyalin, which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine.

2.Salivary glands also secrete salivary lipase (a more potent form of lipase) to begin fat digestion.

Part 6 ::Oesophagus

Part 7 :: By peristalsis stomach breaks down the food physically.

Peristalsis is the involuntary contractions of smooth muscle.

Part 8 ::Chemical digestion in stomach is by:

Pepsin breaks down the protein in the food into smaller particles, such as peptide fragments and amino acids. Protein digestion, therefore, primarily starts in the stomach.

Gastric lipase is an acidic lipase secreted by the gastric chief cells in the fundic mucosa in the stomach. It has a pH optimum of 3–6. Gastric lipase, together with lingual lipase, comprise the two acidic lipases.

Hydrochloric Acid.