In: Operations Management
How does quasi-experimental research differ from experimental research?
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Introduction:
Experimental research is a methodological approach to science that manipulates one or more independent variables and applies them to one or more dependent variables in order to test their effect on the latter. Typically the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variables is measured and reported over a period of time to allow researchers draw a fair inference about the relationship between these two variable forms. The Experimental research method is widely used in physical and social sciences, psychology, and education. It is based on the analogy of two or more classes with a simple logic which can be difficult to implement, however. Experimental testing projects, often related to a laboratory study method, include the gathering of quantitative data and the execution of statistical analysis during testing.
Quasi-Experimental research is resembling scientific work which is not actual laboratory work. While the independent variable is controlled, subjects are not subjected to variables or variables ordered at random. Because the independent variable is adjusted before calculation of the dependent variable, quasi-experimental work avoids the question of directionality. Yet because subjects are not uniformly assigned, which leaves it likely that there are other variations between conditions, quasi-experimental study does not eradicate the issue of confusing variables. Therefore, quasi-experiments are usually somewhere between correlational trials and actual experiments as per internal validity. Quasi-experiments are most likely to be carried out in field environments where random assignment is challenging or difficult. These are also performed to determine the efficacy of a therapy, maybe a type of psychotherapy or an educational initiative.
Differences between Quasi-Experimental research and Experimental research:
In experimental research we need - a causal relationship hypothesis; a control group and a treatment group; to remove confounding variables that might screw up the experiment and avoid the showing of a causal relationship; and to provide larger groups with a carefully organized constituency; ideally randomized, so as to keep unexpected variations from fouling things up.
While not necessarily by design, a quasi-experimenter views a given situation as an experiment. Researcher does not adjust the independent variable, treatment and control groups may not be clustered or paired, or there may not be a control group. What he or she may tell conclusively is limited to the researcher.
The crucial aspect in both experiments and quasi-experiments is the calculation of the dependent variable, which can be contrasted. Most data is very clear, while other tests are inescapably subjective, such as level of self-confidence in the ability to write, increase in creativity or understand reading. In these situations, quasi-experimentation also requires a variety of techniques for contrasting subjectivity, such as data ranking, checking, surveying and review of material.
Essentially, classification is creating a rating scale for data evaluation. In research, experimenters and quasi-experimenters use ANOVA (Variance Analysis) and ANCOVA (Co-Variance Analysis) experiments to measure variations between control groups and experimental groups, as well as different associations between groups.