Question

Compare and contrast cervical carcinoma and cervical dysplasia

Answer 1

Cervical carcinoma and Cervical dysplasia:

	Cervical carcinoma	Cervical dysplasia
Definition	It is a squamous cell cancer occurs in the lower end of the uterus.	It is the precancerous changes of the cell that occurs on the surface of the cervix in the womb of the uterus.
Causes	Exposure to HPV virus, Multiple sex partners, early age at first coitus, smoking, Having contact with the partner who had sex with cervical cancer partner.	Advancing age, Obesity, genital warts, HPV infection, Cigarette smoking, Having sexual contact with men who had penile cancer, immune system suppression, chlamydia infection.
Signs and symptoms	Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Bleeding after menses, Spotting, Vaginal discharge, pain during sexual intercourse.	It does not produce any sign and symptoms.
Diagnosis	Pap smear Test, Pelvic examination, Colposcopic examination, Biopsy.	Screening test to detect precancerous changes and to prevent cervical cancer. PAP smear test, HPV testing, Colposcopy, biopsy.
Treatment	Cryotherapy, Loop electrocautery excision procedure(LEEP), External beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy. Chemotherapy such as 5-fluorouracil. Surgery to remove cancer or Hysterectomy to remove entire uterus.	Mild dysplasia will regress spontaneously without treatment. High-grade dysplasia requires ablation such as cryotherapy, electrocautery, and resection such as LEEP and hysterectomy.
Prognosis	Survival rate is good at early stages. The overall survival rate is 5 year period.	The prognosis is good if detected early. High-grade dysplasia requires regular follow-up and additional treatment.
Prevention	It can be preventable through vaccination. Gardasil and Gardasil 9 are effective HPV vaccines.	Gardasil 9 vaccine is effective against 9 types of HPV virus.