Question

1-2 paragraphs would suffice in detail

Discuss social and cultural implications of when coffee was first introduce to Europe?

Describe one common class of aroma compound used in perfumery?

Answer 1

The history of coffee was traced back in 13th century in Ethiopian regions,yemen and Egypt.

By the 17th century, coffee had made its way to Europe and was became popular across the continent.

Some people reacted to this new beverage with suspicion or fear, calling it the “bitter invention of Satan.”

Despite such controversy, coffee houses were quickly becoming centers of social activity and communication in the major cities of England, Austria, France, Germany and Holland. In England “penny universities” sprang up, so called because for the price of a penny one could purchase a cup of coffee and engage in stimulating conversation.

Coffee began to replace the common breakfast drink beverages of the time — beer and wine. Those who drank coffee instead of alcohol began the day alert and energized, and not surprisingly, the quality of their work was greatly improved.

By the mid-17th century, there were over 300 coffee houses in London, many of which attracted like-minded patrons, including merchants, shippers, brokers and artists.

Many businesses grew out of these specialized coffee houses.

Coffee was so powerful force that it forged a social revolution. Coffee was drunk in the home as a domestic beverage.

Coffee drinking and conversation were complemented by all manner of entertainment.

ONE COMMON CLASS OF AROMA COMPOUND USED IN PERFUMERY-

GERANOIL(compound name)

Fragrance name- Rose,flowery

Geraniol has characteristic rose-like odour and the taste as sweet floral rose-like, citrus with fruity, waxy nuances . This monoterpene alcohol is a widely used fragrance material.

Geraniol (3,7-dimethylocta-trans-2,6-dien-1-ol) is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol with the chemical formula C10H18O. The product referred to as “geraniol” is a mixture of the two cis-trans isomers, properly named geraniol (trans) and nerol (cis). Geraniol was isolated from Palmarosa oil.

Chemical structure of Geraniol.