1. The walls of the veins contain smooth muscle which is innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. Sympathetic stimulation ____________ venous vasoconstriction and drives __________ blood into the heart. Fill in the blanks with one of the following term combinations.

Fill in the blanks below with the following terms. (some terms will be used more than once and other terms will not be used at all)

(Acetylcholine, Cholecystokinin, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), Gastrin, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Histamine, Secretin, Somatostatin, chylomicrons, HDLs, LDLs, VLDLs, Cephalic, Gastric, Intestinal,)

a. __VLDLs__ are low density lipoproteins carrying more triglycerides than cholesterol.

b. ________, _________ and __________ are secreted into the bloodstream in response to amino acids in the digestive tract.

c. __________, __________ and __________ increase H+ secretion from parietal cells.

d. __Chylomicrons__ are the lowest density of lipoproteins taken up by lacteals.

e.________, ________ and __________ decrease H+ secretion from parietal cells.

f. _________ and _________ are hormones that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic Beta cells.

g. The ________ phase of digestion occurs from stimuli in the stomach while the ________ phase of stimulation can be started by simply seeing or smelling food.

h. Gastric motility and emptying is increased by __________ while it is slowed by __________, _________ and _________.

i. __HDLs__ are lipoproteins used for removing excess cholesterol from the body.

j. Very low pH in the stomach stimulates _____________ to _________ (increase/decrease) gastrin release while higher pH than normal leads to a(n) ______ (increase/decrease) of gastrin secretion from G-cells.

k. The hormone ___________ stimulates pepsinogen secretion from the gastric mucosa while the hormone _________ stimulates pancreatic protease secretions like trypsinogen, and chymotrypsiongen.

l. __LDLs__ are lipoproteins comprised of the largest amount of cholesterol and are considered ‘bad cholesterol’.

m. The hormone ___________ stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the stomach and small intestine.

n. Secretion of the hormone ___________ is stimulated by fatty acids and promotes secretion of pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder contractions.

In lifting a basket of laundry off the floor, fill in the blanks below, detailing one muscle working at the designated joint, and in what manner.

In going from standing to sitting, fill in the blanks below, detailing one muscle working at the designated joint, and in what manner.

1. Fill in the blanks: Bile is produced by the _________ and stored and concentrated in the _______.

2. Folds of the small intestinal mucosa are known as:

a. microvilli

b. circular folds

c. intestinal crypts

d. villi

3. True/False: Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). If the statement is false, correct it so it becomes a true statement.

____ a. The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral peritoneum and the mesentery.

____ b. The shortest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum.

____ c. Filiform papillae are keratinized projections from the tongue that help physically break down food.

____ d. Pancreatic islets are the exocrine portion of the pancreas.

____ e. The ileocecal valve regulates flow from the stomach to the duodenum.

____ f. The vermiform appendix is a blind-ended sac that contains lymphoid follicles.

If someone had extra long chordae tendineae on their mitral valve this would most likely affect the valve how and why?

why does the maximum contractile force generated by heart increase with preload?

1. Describe what happens to the respiratory system during high intensity sport performance such as cheerleading to increase ventilation rate (i.e. muscles involves, partial pressures of O₂ & CO₂, RCC inputs, etc.).

Direction of Muscle Fibers: In relation to an imaginary line usually in the midline of the body or the longitudinal axis of a bone.

Number of Origins:

Location of Attachments: Named according to their points of origin and insertion

Muscle Action: (Flexor, Extensor, Abductor, Adductor)

If blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland releases the hormone called  ____________ . This hormone has multiple effects.

(1) The hormone stimulates bone cells to break down bone tissue and  ____________  calcium ion into the blood.

(2) The hormone stimulates the  ____________  to conserve calcium ions, preventing their excretion, and to activate vitamin  ____________  which increases calcium uptake from the diet.

(3) The hormone increases the  ____________  of calcium from the intestines.

The result of the these hormonal effects is to  ____________  blood calcium levels.

31. The most common type of sinus arrhythmia, the one related to respiration, is:

a. a normal phenomenon commonly seen in middle aged adults

b. caused by decreased vagal activity

c. caused by the sympathetic effect on the SA node

d. extremely rare in children

20. Monitoring lead MCL1 is obtained by attaching the positive electrode from lead ______________:

a. II, to the left chest below the clavicle

b. II, to the middle of the sternum at the level of the fourth intercostal space

c. III, to the left side of the sternum in the fourth intercostal space

d. III, to the right side of the anterior chest in the fourth intercostal space next to the sternum

10. The vagus nerve is part of the parasympathetic nervous system. Slowing of the heart rate by the vagus nerve occurs when:

a. The nerve fires more rapidly

b. The nerve is blocked by atropine

c. The nerve is severed

d. The patient is given a stimulant