Questions
How does the rate of blood flow in and the rate of blood flow out of...

How does the rate of blood flow in and the rate of blood flow out of the right atrium affect right atrial pressure?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

description of tendon white fibrous

description of tendon white fibrous

In: Anatomy and Physiology

You suspect there is a protein in blood that has antimicrobial properties. Design an experiment to...

You suspect there is a protein in blood that has antimicrobial properties. Design an experiment to isolate the protein and test it’s ability to inhibit bacterial growth. How would you determine if it is an antimicrobial peptide or a member of the complement family?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Primary adrenocortical deficiency, called Addison’s disease, is a degenerative disease of the adrenal cortex. With this...

  1. Primary adrenocortical deficiency, called Addison’s disease, is a degenerative disease of the adrenal cortex. With this in mind, explain the following manifestations of this disease.
    1. sodium loss in the urine and increased urine volume
    2. elevated plasma potassium
    3. low blood pressure
    4. fatigue

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. name each type of membrane and give an example of where they are found.

1. name each type of membrane and give an example of where they are found.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Why is autoimmunity sometimes associated with infection and how would you test if it is the...

Why is autoimmunity sometimes associated with infection and how would you test if it is the cause?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

In chapter 20 we covered the immune system, both the innate and adaptive. Choose a pathogen...

In chapter 20 we covered the immune system, both the innate and adaptive. Choose a pathogen and describe how the body will use both innate and adaptive means to combat this pathogen. Get creative with this, there are so many different viruses, bacteria, and parasites that can make us sick!

Make sure you mention the disease/parasite/ailment that is caused by the pathogen, what the body does to protect itself innately, and how the body adapts to this.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. explain the roles of the adaptive defenses including B cells, T-cells, antibodies-structure, function, classes. 2....

1. explain the roles of the adaptive defenses including B cells, T-cells, antibodies-structure, function, classes.

2. Outline the process of digestion from mouth to anus. Be sure to discuss important structures along the way, enzymes, and process.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. obtain a slide of a blood-vessel (artery) and a slide of the esophagus: compare the...

1. obtain a slide of a blood-vessel (artery) and a slide of the esophagus: compare the lining. What types of cells are there?

What is the difference?

Why do you think this is?

2. Compare adipocyte tissue with alveoli. How can you distinguish between them?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

) Describe how skeletal muscle derives ATP over a period of prolonged activity.  Use these subheadings as...

) Describe how skeletal muscle derives ATP over a period of prolonged activity.  Use these subheadings as a guide to start your thinking.  Do this out loud in lab and by hand later:

  • Creatine Phosphate
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation

  • Glycolysis

  • Glycogen

  • Circulating Glucose

  • Circulating Fatty Acids

  • Amino Acids

  • Lactic Acid

  • High Oxygen Levels

  • Low Oxygen Levels

  • Gluconeogenesis

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following cell type(s) produces and secretes antibodies? A. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes B. B-lymphocytes C....

  1. Which of the following cell type(s) produces and secretes antibodies?

    A.

    Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

    B.

    B-lymphocytes

    C.

    Helper T-lymphocytes

    D.

    Plasma Cells

    E.

    Neutrophils

    F.

    Both A and C

    G.

    Both B and D

    H.

    B, D, and E

1 points   

QUESTION 2

  1. Which of the following cell types secrete interleukins to coordinate the immune system?

    A.

    Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

    B.

    Memory B-lymphocytes

    C.

    Basophils

    D.

    Eosinophils

    E.

    Helper T-lymphocytes

1 points   

QUESTION 3

  1. Which of the following cell types perform their function using perforin and granzymes? (select all that apply)

    A.

    Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

    B.

    Monocytes

    C.

    Eosinophils

    D.

    Natural Killer Cells

    E.

    Basophils

    F.

    Memory T-lymphocytes

1 points   

QUESTION 4

  1. Which of the following statements regarding vaccines is FALSE?

    A.

    They provide a type of artificially acquired active immunity.

    B.

    Increased compliance in vaccinations will increase herd immunity and decrease disease incidence

    C.

    Vaccines have been proven to cause autism

    D.

    The diseases that vaccines provide immunity against are still present in the environment

1 points   

QUESTION 5

  1. Which of the following statements regarding the mucociliary escalator is FALSE?

    A.

    It helps prevent dust and debris from getting into our alveoli

    B.

    Cilia are not required for the mucociliary escalator

    C.

    Mucous traps harmful substances and allows us to clear them from our respiratory tract

    D.

    Can be found only within the conducting zone of our respiratory system

1 points   

QUESTION 6

  1. Please put the regions of the pharynx in order from most superior to most inferior.

          -       1.       2.       3.      

    Nasopharynx


          -       1.       2.       3.      

    Laryngopharynx


          -       1.       2.       3.      

    Oropharynx

1 points   

QUESTION 7

  1. The vocal cords are part of the phaynx.

    True

    False

0.5 points   

QUESTION 8

  1. The trachea is part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system,

    True

    False

0.5 points   

QUESTION 9

  1. Please put the different types of bronchi/bronchioles in order from largest to smallest.

          -       1.       2.       3.       4.      

    Segmental


          -       1.       2.       3.       4.      

    Lobar


          -       1.       2.       3.       4.      

    Terminal Bronchioles


          -       1.       2.       3.       4.      

    Main

1 points   

QUESTION 10

  1. Type I alveolar cells secrete surfactant.

    True

    False

0.5 points   

QUESTION 11

  1. The right lung has 2 lobes and the left lung has 3 lobes.

    True

    False

0.5 points   

QUESTION 12

  1. The lungs are housed in the _____________.

    A.

    Mediastinum

    B.

    Pleural Cavity

    C.

    Abdominal Cavity

    D.

    Pelvic Cavity

    E.

    Both A and C

    F.

    None of the above

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Explain how a message is communicated from neurons to muscle fibers causing a contraction, include all...

  1. Explain how a message is communicated from neurons to muscle fibers causing a contraction, include all of the components in the word bank from the matching activity. - This could be completed in a diagram as well (You will be completing this in a pre-lab as well).

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Part I – The Tour You are an intern working in the Atlanta, GA office of...

Part I – The Tour
You are an intern working in the Atlanta, GA office of Dr. Priya Wayne, MD. Dr. Wayne is a specialist in rare neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders. You’ve been working with Dr. Wayne for the last year and due to this experience you’ve gained a great deal of knowledge about the human body and muscle physiology. You’re also a college student and working with Dr. Wayne has allowed you to gain first-hand experience with some of the material that you’re learning in your human physiology course. Just last week you had to turn in an assignment comparing and contrasting disorders of the neuromuscular junction. You learned all about several issues, including myasthenia gravis, sarin, curare, botulism, and Eaton-Lambert syndrome.
Today a group of high school students is coming for a tour and Dr. Wayne has asked you to prepare some information about muscles to present to the students. Specifically, Dr. Wayne has asked you to discuss the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), skeletal muscle contraction, and explain some of the issues that can occur when signaling between neurons and muscles does not go as planned.
Questions
Use the word bank to match the appropriate letter to the definitions/descriptions on the next page.
(a) Sodium
(b) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh) (c) Myosin
(d) Actin
(e) Acetylcholine (ACh)
(f) Depolarization
(g) Motor end plate
(h) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
(i) Synaptic vesicles
(j) T-tubule
(k) Sarcoplasmic reticulum (l) Dihydropyridine receptor (m) Ryanodine receptor
(n) Synaptic terminal
(o) Sarcolemma
(p) Sarcomere
*These four undergraduate students contributed equally to the creation of this case study and are listed in alphabetical order.
Case copyright held by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Originally published September 29, 2016. Please see our usage guidelines, which outline our policy concerning permissible reproduction of this work. Photograph by Victoria Garcia, Open Stax, <https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:mU03zyTM@2/Interactions-of-Skeletal-Muscl>, cc by 4.0.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE 1. ___ Thin contractile protein involved in cross-bridge formation, comes in filamentous or globular forms.
2. ___ Store neurotransmitters, and following a Ca2+ driven signal, dump neurotransmitters into the synapse.
3. ___ The structure at the end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters and vesicles.
4. ___ The functional unit of the muscle fiber that includes the A-band, I-band, H-zone and the M-line.
5. ___ The ion responsible for depolarizing the muscle membrane by traveling through the nACh receptor, down its electrochemical gradient.
6. ___ Located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and once opened, allows Ca2+ flow from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm.
7. ___ Thick filamentous contractile protein involved in cross-bridge formation, has a club-like appearance with a “head.”
8. ___ A neurotransmitter derived from choline; responsible for sending the excitatory signal in the neuromuscular junction.
9. ___ These invaginations allow depolarization of the muscle membrane to quickly penetrate from the sarcolemma to the myofibril.
10. ___ Large and complex terminal formation by which an axon of a motor neuron establishes synaptic contact with a skeletal muscle fiber, transmitting neural impulses to a muscle.
11. ___ The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
12. ___ The enzyme responsible for stopping the ACh signal. Functions by metabolizing ACh into choline, which is recycled, and acetate.
13. ___ Responsible for opening a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel in the muscle membrane when the proper ligand binds to it.
14. ___ A L-type calcium channel in the muscle cell membrane, activated upon depolarization, couple depolarization signal to release of calcium.
15. ___ An electrical change which brings the relative charge of the inside of the cell more positive; necessary for transmission of electrical impulses within a cell, or from one cell to another.
16. ___ Modified endoplasmic reticulum, stores and releases calcium.


Explain the organization/classifications of the Human Nervous System.
1. Which component(s) will be your main focus in this case study

In: Anatomy and Physiology

In small groups, you will defend the use of your protein., ***PLANT PROTEIN*** You will describe...

In small groups, you will defend the use of your protein., ***PLANT PROTEIN*** You will describe in detail:

1. the composition

2. mechanism of action

3. rate of absorption and synthesis

4. timing of consumption

5. recommended dose

6. pros and cons

In addition, you should address the following:

1. What types of athletes would best benefit from your protein?

2. Are there any side effects of excessive consumption?

3. Estimate the cost of using the supplement for 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year.

Be creative with how you defend your supplement. Provide examples for even samples.

Please I need answer for #4 ASAP!!!

In: Anatomy and Physiology

A patient has had a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) because of gallstones and chronic inflammation of the...

A patient has had a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) because of gallstones and chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. He will be released from the hospital tomorrow. As a clinician, what recommendations would you offer to help him adapt to life without a gallbladder?

In: Anatomy and Physiology