Animal Physiology Question

1. Smooth muscle, like striated muscle, utilizes Ca2+ as a signal molecule that can allow contraction to occur. However, smooth muscle does not have troponin or tropomyosin. Therefore, Ca2+ must interact with other proteins. Describe these relationships.

Animal Physiology Question

1. Describe the process of skeletal muscle contraction starting from an action potential being sent down a motor neuron to the contraction of the sarcomere.

Animal Physiology Question

1. A good pump always has a contraction-relaxation cycle that is completed before the next cycle. How is this achieved in cardiac muscle, providing the necessary details in terms of ion movement and tension generation in the muscle fibers? What feature of skeletal muscle would make it a terrible pump?

Animal Physiology Question

1. Describe the sliding filament model and how it allows for the movement of myosin along actin. Be sure to talk about the role of both ATP and Ca2+ .

Animal Physiology Question

1. Sperm rely on both microtubules and microfilaments for key biological processes. Explain the role of microtubules and dynein in movement of sperm. Explain the role of actin in the process of fertilization.

The patient with emphysema would MOST LIKELY have the following primary acid-base imbalance:

a. metabolic acidosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. respiratory acidosis

d. respiratory alkalosis

A patient with an acute pulmonary embolus should be assessed for which primary acid-base abnormality?

a. metabolic acidosis

b. metabolic alkalosis

c. respiratory acidosis

d. respiratory alkalosis

Chief Complaint: 74-year-old woman with shortness of breath and swelling.

History: Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath ("dyspnea") upon exertion. She also noted that the typical swelling she's had in her ankles for years has started to get worse over the past two months, making it especially difficult to get her shoes on toward the end of the day. In the past week, she's had a decreased appetite, some nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

On physical examination, Martha's jugular veins were noticeably distended. Auscultation of the heart revealed a low-pitched, rumbling systolic murmur, heard best over the left upper sternal border. In addition, she had an extra, "S₃" heart sound.

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Questions:

1. What is causing this murmur?

2. What is causing her "S₃" heart sound?

3. Is her history of rheumatic fever relevant to her current symptoms? Explain.

4. A chest X-ray reveals a cardiac silhouette that is normal in diameter. Does this rule out a possible problem with Martha's heart? Explain.

Questions 1. Explain the digestive system and all the hormones associated with the digestive system.

Include all of the GI hormones; CCK, Gastrin etc.

Which of the following proteins as a shaft and double head which binds with ATP and the thin filament
Myosin
Troponin
tropomyosin

A discussion of microscopic muscle contraction should include all activities, chemicals and structures involved in muscle contraction. So a discussion of the depolarization of the sarcolemma, the role of the ACH receptor, sodium and potassium in generating an action potential as well as the role of calcium, T tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and tropomycin is expected. You should describe the myofilaments and the process of the sliding filaments. A discussion of the contraction of a whole muscle should include the macroscopic structures of a muscle and the motor end plates, connective tissue covering and the relationships between these structures.

The pulmonary disease where the lungs lose their elasticity so that air is trapped and ventilation becomes ineffective is

What are the intermediate and unknown consuming vegetable oils-linked risk factors of cardiovascular diseases?

What are the intermediate and unknown diet-linked chronic-risk factors of cardiovascular diseases?

What does the sympathetic division do to the eyes.. lungs.. heart.. GI tract.. urinary bladder?

What does the parasympathetic division do to the eyes.. lungs.. heart.. GI tract.. urinary bladder?

Summary:

Case Study:

• Patient: Spelling, Mary Ellen
• Physician: Philip Davidson, M.D.
• Date: October 10, 2017
• Clinical History:
• The 38 year old patient regularly lifts weights competitively and has done so for the past 10 years. She has persistent posteriormedial right knee pain with occasional effusions. The patient has an MRI documented medial meniscal tear.

Instructions:

1. Analyze the patient history included in the case study along with related physician/professional notes.

2. Using your text, notes and online resources evaluate primary literature and research/review the associated body system and terms.

3. From the analysis and evaluation of your research, infer the meaning of unknown terminology, the tests used to diagnose the problem described in the case history.

4. Lastly, record all information collected from the case history and attempt to predict the likely outcome of the patient treatment plan.