Question

Compare the Oral Hypoglycemics and their functional in diabetes treatment

Answer 1

oral hypogglycemics and function in diabetic treatments

• sulphonylureas(glipizide,glyburide,gliclazide, glimpride)-It binds to K-ATP channel in the beta cells of pancreas. this leads to the inhibition of those channel resulting alters in resting membrane potential , causing an influx of calcium and the stimulation of insulin secretion .
• Meglitinides(Repaglinide,nateglinide)-they acts on pancreatic beta cells acts similarly on K-ATP channel and secrete insulin.
• Metformin- increases hepatic adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase activity thus reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis lipogenesis as well as insulin mediated uptake of glucose in muscle.
• Thiazolidinediones- binds to peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptor gamma to increase peripheral uptake of glucose and decrese hepatic glucose production.
• Alpha glucosidase inhibitor-inhibit the enzyme alpha glucosidase in the intestine that digest dietary starch thus inhibit the polysaccharide reabsorption as well as the metabolism of sucrose to glucose and fructose.
• Dpp4 inhibitor-it inhibit glucagon release , increases insulin secretion and decreases gastric emptying thus decreses blood glucose level.
• SGLT2inhibitor- inhibit sodium -glucose cotransporter 2 in proximal tubules of renal glomeruli ,causing inhibition of 90% glucose reabsorption and resulting in glycosuria in people with diabetics which inturn lowers plasma glucose level.
• Cycloset- a sympatholytic dopamine D2 receptor agonist ,will reset the hypothalamic circadian rhythm which might have alterd by obesity . this results in reversal of insulin resistance and decrese glucose production.