Question

1. Why are X-bar and R-Charts used together? Please Explain.

2. The principal focuses and methods of the pioneers of scientific management, what are they?(as represented by Henry Gantt, Frederick Taylor, Frank Gilbreth,etc.). In your words, how is the modern total quality management method different from the above?

Answer 1

1- The X- bar and R (range) chart is pair of control chart used with processes that have subgroup size of two or more. The X-bar chart shows how the mean or average changes over time and the R chart shows how the range of the subgroups changes over time.

The X-bar chart is typically combined with an R- chart to monitor process variables. If the variables isn't under control, then control limits might be too general, which means that causes of variation that are affecting the process mean can't be pinpointed. When improving system, the X-bar and R chart have numerous application that improves system stability to be evaluated. Ex- manufacturing plant.

2- Frederick Taylor started scientific management movement and his philosophy was making people work as hard as they could was not as efficient as optimising the way work was done. In 1909 he published the " principles of scientific management".In this he proposed that by simplifying and optimising jobs productivity would increase. He also advanced the ideas that workers and managers needed to cooperate with one another. This was very differnt from the work way typically done in business beforehand.

Henry Gannt provided graphic schedule for the planning and controlling of work and recording process towards the stages of project. He also pleaded for the policy of preaching and teaching of worker and thus stressed the need of training of worker for improving their productivity.

The scientific management by taylor and Gannt emphasize on profit Maximization through controlled mechanism, training, monetary intencives under manager however it is criticized for its short term focus on profit. Hence in modern management the advancement and globalization of technology simulated to adjust and compliment the scientific management.