In: Math
. The learning styles of students in a university biology course were measured and the students were divided into two groups depending on their propensity towards visual learning (style 1) versustext-based learning (style 2). Severalteaching interventions aimed at visual learners were introduced into the course and the instructors scored the students as to whether or not they showed learning gains compared to the usual text-based materials. The results are given in the table below. Conduct a Chi-square analysis to determine if learning gains were contingent of learning style. Discuss the results and state your conclusions. LS1/Yes:28, LS1/No:10, LS2/Yes:48, LS2/No:114
Chi-Square Test of independence | |||||||
Observed Frequencies | |||||||
Y | |||||||
0 | Yes | No | Total | ||||
LS1 | 28 | 10 | 38 | ||||
LS2 | 48 | 114 | 162 | ||||
Total | 76 | 124 | 200 | ||||
Expected frequency of a cell = sum of row*sum of column / total sum | |||||||
Expected Frequencies | |||||||
Yes | No | Total | |||||
LS1 | 76*38/200=14.44 | 124*38/200=23.56 | 38 | ||||
LS2 | 76*162/200=61.56 | 124*162/200=100.44 | 162 | ||||
Total | 76 | 124 | 200 | ||||
(fo-fe)^2/fe | |||||||
LS1 | 12.734 | 7.804 | |||||
LS2 | 2.987 | 1.831 |
Chi-Square Test Statistic,χ² = Σ(fo-fe)^2/fe =
25.3557
Level of Significance = 0.05
Number of Rows = 2
Number of Columns = 2
Degrees of Freedom=(#row - 1)(#column -1) = (2- 1 ) * ( 2- 1 )
= 1
p-Value = 0.0000 [Excel function:
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(χ²,df) ]
Decision: p-value < α , Reject Ho
conclusion: there is enough evidence to conlcude that learning gains were dependent of learning style