Question

Describe how the information encoded in a gene results in the synthesis of a functional protein in eukaryotes (include an explanation of all the parts of the process). Include in your answer the differences that exist between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and where regulation of gene expression can occur.

Answer 1

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protiens is one of the fundamental principles od molecular biology.This is also called CENTRAL DOGMA.

Production of protien from gene is highly complex and is controlled by each cell.The process normally contain two process TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION.

These two processes togather is called GENE EXPRESSION..

In transcription the information in the gene's DNA is transformed to similar molecule called RNA in the nucleas.RNA and DNA are made up of chain of nucleotide bases.But they are of different chemical properties.RNA that contain information of protien making is called m -RNA. Second step is translation.Here gene is getting converted to protien.The process takes place in cytoplasm.

mRNA interacts woth a specialised complex in ribosome which reads the sequence of mRNA bases

A codon(sequence of three base) code for one amino acid (building block of protiens).

tRNA (transfer RNA )assemble the protien one by one aminoacid at a time.This continues until the Ribosome encounter a stop codon (a sequence with 3 base that do not code for an amino acid)

The difference in protien formation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is tabulised in image