Question

how the physics is the same and different for commercial planes , private jets and private propellor planes

Answer 1

There are several points of similarity between all three types of aircraft, as well as several points of difference.

Points of similarity.

- All three use the pressure difference between the top and bottom part of an aerofoil(wing) to generate lift as per Bernoulli's Principle.

- All three pressurize their cabins to provide air for their inhabitants at a sea level pressure.

- All three have minimum velocities, below which their wings do not generate enough lift to keep the plane flying, called stall speed.

Point of Difference.

-Commercial Jets use High Bypass Turbofans, which generate most of their thrust by moving a large mass of air at a relatively slower speed.

Since the energy required to move a mass increases linearly with increasing mass, but increases with the square of the velocity, this method is more energy efficient and consumes less fuel.

-Private jets use Low Bypass Turbofans, which generate a significant amount of their thrust from the gases generated in their engine core, which move comparatively faster. This is consumes more energy, but allows private jets to have a slightly higher cruising speed.

-Propeller planes use propellers, that work by using blades to move masses of air backward, moving the propeller, and hence the plane forward, by Newton's Third Law. Their speed is limited by the linear velocity of the propeller tips, which become very energy inefficient if they cross Mach 1.