Question

Compare the adaptations for respiratory gas exchange in fishes, frogs, humans, and birds. Include a discussion of all organs involved in gas exchange and describ the specific ways each species maximizes efficiency of gas exchange with the environment

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Answer 1

Fish	Frog	Human	Birds
RESPIRATION: GAS EXCHANGE Gills –fish and amphibians –out folding of body surface exposed to water -low oxygen levels in water, so fish must expend energy to get enough oxygen Ventilation: in fish water is swallowed and passes through gills -gas exchange is facilitated by: counter current flow and diffusion gradient storage of oxygen: in blood and muscle most oxygen in blood 70% and in lungs 5% Gills is a gas exchanged organ in fish	The frog has respiratory surfaces on its body that it uses to exchange gas with the surroundings: the skin, in the lungs and on the lining of the mouth. Nostrils LUNG is organ involved in respiration	Lungs-evolved from swim bladders ventilation through breathing -passive diffusion of oxygen and CO2 In human diaphragam increases ventilation. storage of oxygen: in blood and muscle in humans: blood 51% and in lungs 36% IN Human Lung is respiratory organ diaphragm help for respiration	Lungs Size and complexity of lungs is related to metabolic rate. e.g., Birds: Air sacs help in efficient respiration Lung is respiratory organ Air sacs help in efficient respiration