Question

discuss the respiratory system lungs volumes and capacities
the gas exchange mechanism in the body
briefly describe the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 1

There are four lung volume-

1. Tidal volume- it is the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs in single normal quiet respiration. It is approx 500 ml.

2. Expiratory reserve volume- it is the additional volume of air that can be expired out forcefully,after normal expiration. It is approx 1000ml.

3. Inspiratory reserve volume- it is an additional volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after the end of normal inspiration. It's about 3300ml.

4. Residual volume- volume of air remaining in lungs even the forced expiration. It is about 1200 ml.

There are four lung capacities-

1. Inspiratory capacity- maximum volume of air that is inspired after normal expiration. It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. It is about 3800ml.

2. Vital capacity- it is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled out of forcefully after a deep inspiration. It includes inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume . It is about 4800 ml.

3. Functional residual capacity- is the volume of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration. It includes expiratory reserve volume and residual volume. It is about 2200 ml.

4. Total lung capacity- it includes all the volumes. It is about 6000ml.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- it is pathological condition of the respiratory tract in which the airway which conduct the air gets obstructed. Due to obstruction, there is problem in breathing.