Question

discuss the respiratory system lungs volumes and capacities the gas exchange mechanism in the body briefly describe the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 1

Four lung volume-

1. Tidal volume- volume of air breath in and out in single quiet breath. It is 500 ml.

2. Inspiratory reserve volume- additional volume of air that can be inspired forcefully. It is 3300ml.

3. Expiratory reserve volume- additional air that can be expired out forcefully. It is 1000 ml.

4. Residual volume- air remaining in the lungs even after forceful expiration. It is 1200 ml.

Four lung capacity-

1. Inspiratory capacity- sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. It is around 3800 ml.

2. Vital capacity- sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. It is 4800ml.

3. Functional residual capacity- sum of expiratory reserve volume and residual volume. It is 2200ml.

4. Total lung capacity- sum of all the volumes. It is around 6000ml.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- COPD is a pathological conditions in which there is chronic, partial or complete, obstruction to the airflow at any level from trachea to smallest airways resulting in functional disability of the lungs. There is diffuse lung disease.

smoking is one of the most important risk factor in COPD.

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis and small airways disease.