Define disinfection process, write the equations for the dissolution (hydrolysis) of chlorine gas in water and...

Define disinfection process, write the equations for the dissolution (hydrolysis) of chlorine gas in water and the subsequent dissociation (ionization) of hypochlorous acid. Draw breakpoint chlorine dosage curve, and provide explanation to each zone

Expert Solution

Amanda K answered 8 months ago

During disinfection at large water treatment plants, operators add chlorine gas to water to make hypochlorous...

During disinfection at large water treatment plants, operators add chlorine gas to water to make hypochlorous acid (HOCl is weak acid with pKa = 7.54). In backyard swimming pools, homeowners accomplish disinfection by adding sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Predict the qualitative change in pH (up or down) due to (a) adding HOCl to water and (b) adding NaOCl to water. Explain your reasoning based on LeChatelier’s Principle.

When chlorine is used for disinfection of drinking water, chloroform can be produced by the reaction...

When chlorine is used for disinfection of drinking water, chloroform can be produced by the reaction of chlorine with residual organics in the water. For chloroform, RfDoral = 0.01 mg/kg/d and SForal = 0.0061 1/(mg/kg/d). Estimate the ingestion intake rate for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on an adult resident of a home receiving tap water with an average chloroform concentration of 65 mg/L. Calculate the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with this ingestion rate. Are the risks presented...

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - When Cl2 gas is added to water for disinfection, it hydrolyzes with water...

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING - When Cl2 gas is added to water for disinfection, it hydrolyzes with water to form HOCl. The combined concentrations of HOCl and OCl- is called “free chlorine” and the pKa for HOCl is 7.5. What percentage of the total disinfection power (measured as CT OCl- ) exists in the acid form at pH = 6? At pH = 7? Which form is a stronger disinfectant?

Write the balanced net ionic equations 1. HC2H3O2 and KNO2 added to I- 2. Chlorine water...

Write the balanced net ionic equations 1. HC2H3O2 and KNO2 added to I- 2. Chlorine water added to Br- 3. H2SO4 and Ba(OH)2 added to CO32- 4. AgNO3 added to Cl- 5. FeSO4 and H2SO4 added to NO3-

he Deacon process uses hydrochloric acid and oxygen from air to produce chlorine gas and water....

he Deacon process uses hydrochloric acid and oxygen from air to produce chlorine gas and water. Air is fed into the reactor at about 35% excess, and the fractional conversion to chlorine gas is about 85%. Procurement needs to know how much acid to purchase, and we are thinking about using 37% w/w HCl (12M), which has an overall density of 1.19kg/L. How many litres of this 37% w/w HCl should we purchase per week to get 100,000 litres (STP)...

When Chlorine gas is used to disinfect drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form...

When Chlorine gas is used to disinfect drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl, pKa = 7.54), which is a powerful disinfectant. However, when the acid dissociates to its conjugate base, it becomes a less effective disinfectant. The disinfection power of the acid is 88 times better than its conjugate base, OCl-, on a per-mole basis. Calculate the mass of hypochlorous acid you would need to add to 1 liter of water at pH =...

Write a reaction for the dissolution of fluorite (CaF2) in water. Calculate the change in enthalpy,...

Write a reaction for the dissolution of fluorite (CaF2) in water. Calculate the change in enthalpy, entropy and free energy for this reaction at 25°C

Write a balanced chemical equation describing the oxidation of chlorine gas by the copper (III) to...

Write a balanced chemical equation describing the oxidation of chlorine gas by the copper (III) to form the chlorate ion and copper (II) in an acidic aqueous solution. Use the smallest whole number coefficients possible. Also, How many electrons are transferred in the redox reaction?

Write the equilibrium constant expression for the dissolution of ammonia in water. NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) <--->...

Write the equilibrium constant expression for the dissolution of ammonia in water. NH4+(aq) + H2O(l) <---> NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq) (In this reaction assume that the concentration of water will remain constant)

Ammonia gas will react with oxygen gas to yield nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. write...

Ammonia gas will react with oxygen gas to yield nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. write balanced chemical equation, how many moles of ammonia will react with 6.73g oxygen?

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