When chlorine is used for disinfection of drinking water, chloroform can be produced by the reaction...

When chlorine is used for disinfection of drinking water, chloroform can be produced by the reaction of chlorine with residual organics in the water. For chloroform, RfD_oral = 0.01 mg/kg/d and SF_oral = 0.0061 1/(mg/kg/d).

Estimate the ingestion intake rate for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on an adult resident of a home receiving tap water with an average chloroform concentration of 65 mg/L.
Calculate the potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with this ingestion rate.
Are the risks presented considered acceptable by the EPA?

Expert Solution

Ally Wells answered 2 years ago

When Chlorine gas is used to disinfect drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form...

When Chlorine gas is used to disinfect drinking water, it hydrolyzes with the water to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl, pKa = 7.54), which is a powerful disinfectant. However, when the acid dissociates to its conjugate base, it becomes a less effective disinfectant. The disinfection power of the acid is 88 times better than its conjugate base, OCl-, on a per-mole basis. Calculate the mass of hypochlorous acid you would need to add to 1 liter of water at pH =...

A CMFR will be used to reduce the concentration of chloroform(CHCl3) in water. Chloroform is a...

A CMFR will be used to reduce the concentration of chloroform(CHCl3) in water. Chloroform is a disinfection by-product that is formed when chlorine is used to disinfect water; it is a concern because it can cause cancer.The influent water contains 60 ppb chloroform and the Wisconsin State standard is 6 ppb. Chloroform decays in the reactor at a rate of 0.2 hr-1 and the water flow rate is 100 L/day. Treating the water to meet the Wisconsin standard will reduce...

Define disinfection process, write the equations for the dissolution (hydrolysis) of chlorine gas in water and...

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During disinfection at large water treatment plants, operators add chlorine gas to water to make hypochlorous...

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The following mechanism has been proposed for the gas-phase reaction of chloroform (CHCl3) and chlorine: 1)...

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Chlorine is produced industailly by the electrolysis of brine. The reaction is described by the equation...

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