Question

What benefits might bring Alexander of Macedon's invasion in 330-327 BC in Afghanistan? not less than 300 words

Answer 1

In 333 B.C., near the town of Issus in southern Turkey, Alexander and his men faced a huge Persian force commanded by King Darius III. The armies of Alexander were vastly outnumbered in numbers, but not in wisdom or the desire for vengeance and to claim the great riches of Persia, most of it plundered. Darius left with what remained of his men, leaving his wife and daughter behind, when it became apparent Alexander would win the Battle of Issus. Sisygambis, his mum, was so furious that she disowned him and adopted Alexander as her son. It was clear by now that Alexander was a shrewd, ruthless and brilliant military officer, and he never lost a fight in his life.

The Phoenician cities of Marathus and Aradus were taken over by Alexander. He refused Darius 's appeal for peace and took the cities of Byblos and Sidon. In January 332 B.C., after the Tyrians denied him entry, he then laid siege to the highly defended island of Tyre. But there was no navy for Alexander to dream about, and Tyre was surrounded by water. To meet Tyre, Alexander ordered his men to construct a causeway. Until they came within strike distance of the Tyrians, all went fine. Again and again, Alexander's sly efforts to gain entrance were blocked by Tyrian forces and he learned he wanted a powerful navy to breach their defences. He amassed a huge fleet, gradually breaking the walls of the city in July 332 B.C. Thousands of Tyrians were hanged for attempting to defy him; even more were sold into slavery.

Alexander set out for Egypt after refusing another peace bid from Darius. However, he was sidelined in Gaza and compelled to suffer another protracted siege. After a few weeks, he took the town and reached Egypt, setting up a town that now bears his name: Alexandria.

In order to consult the oracle of Ammon, a deity of apparently sound wisdom, Alexander travelled to the desert. Legends abound about what happened at the oracle, but about the encounter, Alexander kept quiet. The visit, however, encouraged belief that Alexander was a god.