Question

1. Define and discuss job discrimination, equal opportunity employment, affirmative action, and the relationship between them.
2. Discuss how the decline of unions in the private sector and their growth in the public sector is related to organizational design.

Answer 1

JOB DISCRIMINATION

Job discrimination means the when an employee is treated badly at any of the stages of job. It may be at the time of recruitment to the training period or at the job. The verbal or sexual Harassment is also considered as this. This discrimination will be mainly faced on the basis of gender, age, race, religion or LGBTQ community. But actually these factors are not in our control. Any of the mis conduct practiced based on this will count to a discrimination against the employees.

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYMENT AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Equal employment Opportunity prevent the discrimination against the people in an employment sector. All of the employees must be treated equally and no discrimination is permitted on the basis of the gender{male/female}, on the basis of race in the recruiting procedure, or in considering the promotion or in selection process for training and other professional development activities. On the other hand affirmative action is a remedy against the practices which were followed in the past. Which means that it gives a good opportunity to females, the specially able people and also to the minorities, those who were isolated from the mainstream in the past. It doesn't means the selection of incapable ones, but the representation of the best from these sides also. Both of these aims at the fairness in job but they are not the same but has differences. Both of these equal employment Opportunity and affirmative action is to protect from the discrimination in jobs.

DECLINE OF UNIONS IN PRIVATE SECTOR AND THE GROWTH IN PUBLIC SECTOR

The unions in the private sector was one of the main forces in the working force. But now we experience a steep decline in these unions. Now only almost ten percentage of workers are only a part of unions and all others are out of it. Only 6.4 percentage of employees in private sector are unionized and the rest fall out of it. But the reduction of unions may tend to inequality. Now the situation is that a lot of jobs are available but the least skilled one's are not able to achieve a good margin wage. The government policy to push the higher minimum wage lead to a situation that, the workers lost their capacity for the claim of higher pay. And another reason is the introduction of ceratin sectors, in which the workers are not organized at all there, for example in healthcare, hospitality and restaurant. While in contrast at the same time of the decline of private sector unions we can clearly examines the growth the public sector unions. The new policies and collective bargaining power of the public sector employees began to rose in a large extend. And many of these unions are under the powerful cloud of the politicians. The initiation of the new government policies has boost up this rise.