Question

What are the different motivation theories ?

Answer 1

Motivation is a driving force which creates performers even if situations are against him, a state of mind which keeps him aware of his responsibility and a sense of awareness towards his responsibility. As a whole motivation is sum total of human behavior, motivation has created wonders and having such arrangement in your organization ensures the success rate.
It is a huge field of study with multiple theories in support; let us encounter some of the famous theories –
Maslow’s hierarchy of need – the Maslow need hierarchy tries to define the human need theory, where he suggested that a human need acts like a driving force and makes him more motivated. In addition he said that the need has a level built under it which grows from basic level to higher level and once the basic level are served it tends to move to a next level of need which is more complex to earlier one. Let us encounter the hierarchy built into need –
•   Food, water, shelter are basic survival requirements and fall under the psychological needs
•   For any possible threat which could create an imbalance into proper functioning can be stated as threats
•   Catering for love and affection, friendship is our social need as we human are social animals and cannot stay in isolation.
•   Self-respect and recognition is also a need for a human being as he puts his effort for achieving something and thus a sense of self-esteem grows within.
•   Once the basic life necessities are fulfilled the self-actualization can be sought as the important one as human being loves challenges, fun activities, learning curve throughout his life and a goal of personality development.
Hertzberg two factor theories – Hertzberg differentiated the human needs into two broad categories called hygiene and motivators. Let us understand these two terms first; Hygiene means practices that maintain sound health (even organizations falls into health and poor hygiene categories) whereas motivators take the advantage of the hygiene and pushes him toward achieving more success. These two are interrelated; read this small case study to find how these two terms are related.
Case study – Mr A and r B work in a MNC company where their respective company deals them; imagine a scenario where Mr. A‘s company takes cares of his all the need which is missing on Mr. B’s case. As a result Mr A will outperform Mr. B all the time. Let us see what exactly comes under Hygiene and Motivators.
•   Hygiene means – good company policy, Salary, security, status, working condition, supervision
•   Motivators means – Achievements, recognition, responsibility and growth

In addition to these motivation theories there are several others like –
•   McClelland needs theory
•   Vroom expectancy theory
•   McGregor theory of X and Y
•   Urwick’s Theory Z
•   Argyris’s theory
•   Porter and Lawler expectancy theory
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