Question

Please answer the following in complete sentences

*Explain how infants with each of the following attachment styles: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant behave in the strange situation. For each style, explain how the child acts when their caregiver is in the room with them, how the child acts when the caregiver leaves, and how the child acts when the caregiver returns.

*Explain each of the following obstacles to logical operations in Piaget’s preoperational stage: a) centration, b) irreversibility, c) static reasoning, and d) a focus
on appearances.

*Explain how children behave with a) an easy temperament, b) a difficult temperament, and c) a slow to warm up temperament. According to Thomas and Chess, approximately what percent of children have easy, difficult and slow to warm up temperaments?

*Provide a definition and an example of each of the following preoperational concepts: animism, egocentrism, and conservation (explain what conservation is and that preoperational child fail at conservation).

Answer 1

1. Attachment style indicates the way in which a child emotionally and physically associates and interacts with their caregivers. This forms the basis for the child’s relationships in adulthood. Mary Ainsworth’s experiment called the Strange Situation Test helped in identifying the different ways in which child responds to the caregiver in their absence and return.

2. The four main types of attachment styles are- secure, avoidant, disorganized (insecure-resistant) and ambivalent attachment.

3. Securely attached child in the experiment displayed anxiety, apprehension, and distress when caregiver left the room. Such a child was not fearful of the stranger but felt more comfort and happiness in the presence of the caregiver. This child was also happy and relaxed when the caregiver returned.

4. Insecure-avoidant child avoided their caregivers. They also did not show any preference for their caregivers over strangers. They were unaffected when the caregiver was absent. They also do not seek parents for comfort and closeness.

5. Children with insecure-resistant or disorganized attachment exhibit a confusing and dazed behavior in presence of caregivers. These children may be fearful of the parent at the same time wanting closeness. The fear and need for love leaves them confused.