Question

Instructions: Please answer the following questions to the best of your abilities. Write complete sentences to clearly communicate your ideas

1. Describe Stress and provide an example of a stressor to bone?

2. Compare and contrast elasticity and viscoelasticity?

3. What movement related roles do flat bones play?

4. Provide 3 example activities that help maintain bone integrity.

5. Explain Wollf’s law

6. Explain the role of osteoblasts during episodes of high stress.

7. Explain the role of osteoclasts during episodes of immobilization.

8. Explain the graph below as it relates to human structures.

9. Explain the two characteristics (anisotropic and viscoelastic) of bone to meet the demands and promote remodeling

10. What is the role of articular cartilage?

11. What is the function of a ligament?

Answer 1

1.Stress is defined as the reaction of the body that entails the response towards it. It can be either physical, emotional or mental responses known as stress. It can arise due to external factors such as environmental causes,psychological causes or internal body disease factor .The example of the stress to bone is the pain onto medial tibial border ,it occurs due to bone injuries during the athlete endurance training.

2. The elasticity doesn't possess the viscous behaviour of the material whereas viscoelasticity does .Therefore viscoelasticity conatins strain rate dependent on time.

Elasticity doesn't involve the dissipation of energy upon application and removal of the load whereas the viscoelasticity does involve the dissipation of energy.

3. Flat bones are involved in the protection of the internal organs such as brain,heart and abdominal organs. The flat bone present at the shoulder blade known as scapula ,it helps in rotating arm around the scapula.

4. Three example activities that help maintain bone integrity -

• The weight bearing activities help in increasing the bone density and strength.
• The strength training activities increase the muscle density as well as bone density.
• The resistance training activities help in strengthing of bones.