Question

1- Binge drinking on college campuses is a problem. Discuss the various health problems this can lead to and how risk reduction could be used to address this issue.

2-Name three factors that contribute to health disparities (inequalities) in the U.S. For each factor you list, write down one theoretical approach that might be useful in developing an intervention to address that factor, and briefly state why it might be useful.

Answer 1

• 1.Harmful and underage college drinking are significant public health problems, and they exact an enormous toll on the intellectual and social lives of students on campuses across the United States.
• Drinking at college has become a ritual that students often see as an integral part of their higher education experience. Many students come to college with established drinking habits, and the college environment can exacerbate the problem
• Many college alcohol problems are related to binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL. This typically occurs after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men—in about 2 hours.
• Drinking this way can pose serious health and safety risks, including car crashes, drunk-driving arrests, sexual assaults, and injuries. Over the long term, frequent binge drinking can damage the liver and other organs.
• About 1 in 4 college students report academic consequences from drinking, including missing class, falling behind in class, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall.About 20 percent of college students meet the criteria for an Alcohol use disorder.
• Other consequences include suicide attempts, health problems, injuries, unsafe sex, and driving under the influence of alcohol, as well as vandalism, property damage, and involvement with the police.
• Because of binge drinking students may also suffer from alcohol poisioning;which occurs when high levels of alcohol suppress the nervous and respiratory systems and the body struggles to rid itself of toxins produced from the breakdown of alcohol. Signs of this dangerous condition can include:
• Mental confusion, stupor, coma, or the person cannot be roused
• Vomiting
• Slow or irregular breathing
• Hypothermia or low body temperature, bluish or pale skin
• College students have an increased risk of having mental health issues including, depression, alcohol or substance abuse also it may to lead heart problems later on in life.
• Categories of individual-level interventions to reduce this problem include:-
• Education and awareness programs
• Cognitive–behavioral skills-based approaches
• Motivation and feedback-related approaches
• Behavioral interventions by health professionals
• Environmental-level strategies target the campus community and student body as a whole, and are designed to change the campus and community environments in which student drinking occurs. Often, a major goal is to reduce the availability of alcohol, because research shows that reducing alcohol availability cuts consumption and harmful consequences on campuses as well as in the general population.
• The Yale College Dean’s Office offers free bartender training and certification to all undergraduates–no matter their age. The classes teach students how to properly mix drinks, while focusing on alcohol safety. Students learn how to serve a stiff drink, but also the liabilities and laws around serving alcohol.
  
• Some schools, like Harvard University, offer grants so students can buy items other than alcohol for their parties. The goal is to encourage safe social events and reduce high-risk drinking on campus. The money from a grant can go toward a unique and fun alcohol-free party, or toward food and alcohol-free beverages at registered alcohol events.
• Due to time constraints only some questions could be answered,the remaining can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation