Question

What are the Deep Mining - challanges & case study in the last 5 years ? please explain & give some examples. Thank you.

Answer 1

Mineral cosumption is increasing rapidly as more consumers enter to market for minerals and as the global standard of living increas. As a result under ground mining continues to progress to deeper levels to inorder to tackle the mineral supply crisis in the 21st century. However deep mining occures in a very technical and challenging environment, inwhich significant innovative solutions and best practice are required and additional safety standards must be implimented inorder to overcome the callenges and reap huge economic gains. The challenges includes the catastrophic events that are often met in deep mining engineering.: rockbursts, gas outbursts, high in situ and redisturbed stresses, large deformation, squeezing and creeping rocks, and high temperature.

Current challenges, advances, and prospective issues in deep mining are summerised below.

(1) Deep mining will become common in the future as coal and mineral resources at shollow depth gradually become exhausted. Progress is restricted and influenced by the advancement of rock mechancs and machine technollogies. Now theories and techniques are there for necessary for deep mining, preticularly considering the high in situ and mining induced stress and other boundary conditions that are found at great depth

(2) Some controlled measures have been developed and applied for deep mining disasters such as surrounding rock deformation, rock burst, and the in rush of mixed coal gas and water. However the development of critical techniques for deep mining, such as monitering and control techniqe for mining indused rockk deformation, safety, the green mining of deep coall mines, and the collabarative mining of dep metal mines, is still in progress.

(3) With the rapid development of modern technologies, may critical problems restricting the progress of deep mining will be conqured, either independantly or by the combination of intelligent mining , enhanced continuous mining for metal mines, and fluidized mining of deep coal resources, all of which represent the dominent approaches to deep mining in the future. Deep mining is transitioning toward being fully automated, intelligent and mechanized.

(4) Novel mining technologies are being developed to identify and exploit previously unattainable resources in order to meet the rising global demand. Seabed mining that specifically target seafloor massive sulfide deposite, iron manganese crusts, and metallic nodules requires new approaches to material recovery.