Question

Chapter 26

• Identify where water is found in the body and how much is in location

• Understand the various roles played by the kidneys besides urine formation such as pH regulation, water balance, Vitamin D production, etc..

• How is pH controlled by the kidneys?

• Differentiate between hyponatremia and hypernatremia and what leads to these conditions

• What is edema and what can potentially cause it

Answer 1

1. The water in our body is found in two main locations ie. inside the cell and out side the cell.

, Major volume ie. almost 2/3 found in our cells and remaining found outside our cells ie.1/3.

2. Roles of Kidney other than metioned in question.

• Removal of waste products from blood to purify the blood.
• Production of red blood cells by producing the hormone Erythropoietin in the kidneys.
• Control of blood pressure by producing some hormones like angiotensin, aldosterone, prostaglandin etc.

3. The PH is controlled by Kidney in two processes.

• By Reabsorbing and regenerating biocarbonate from urine.
• By Excreting hydrogen ions and fixed acids.

4. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are primarily disorders of water metabolism.

• Hyponatremia is a condition in which excess of water in the body can lead to a low concentration of sodium in the blood.
• Hypernatremia is acondition in which a deficit of water in the body can lead to a high concentration of sodium in the blood.

5. Edema is the medical term used to describe swelling associated with injury, inflammation, or fluid overload.

Edema is the result of the small blood vessels leaking fluid into tissues. When fluid builds up, tissue swells.