Question

Outcomes:

• Become well versed and educated in one of the diverse sexual health topics below
• Articulate all angles related to one Diverse Sexual Health topic in a neutral, well researched manner

Select one of the following topics:

1. Abortion and the Morning after pill

• Research different types of abortion and the difference from the morning after pill, average costs for both, rate of abortion over the years and relate that to access, overall accessibility across various states, legislation that has impacted this service, discuss the benefits and risks

2. Comprehensive sexual health education vs abstinence based sexual health education

• Compare and contrast these two forms of sexual health education, present your findings based on statistics, impact statements, and research

3. Teen access to obtain contraceptive services with and without parental consent

• Compare and contrast needing parental consent to obtain contraception, pros and cons, discuss options for teens needing sexual health contraception, the stigma and challenges of obtaining, misinformation from peers

4. Sex Offender and chemical castration

• Research the different types of sex offenders, are there sex offenders that are unlikely to re-offend, legislation/laws related to this topic, statistics related to this issue, what is chemical castration

5. Male circumcision risks vs benefits

• Evaluate the practice of male circumcision globally vs locally, medical procedures, different types, benefits and medical risks

6. Prostitution and sex trafficking

• Legislation locally vs nationally, differences between the two, benefits and risks, earning potential, areas where it is legal vs areas where it is not, sexually transmitted diseases,

7. Orgasms male vs female

• Identify different types of orgasm for both males and females, best ways for either sex to achieve based on medical research, health benefits, orgasm and sexual arousal disorders, statistics related to this topic, identify what happens in the brain and in the body during orgasm

8. Hormonal Male Contraception

• Identify medical research related to this topic, types of male contraception, health benefits and risks, what is the future of this option

9. Medically Assisted Sex/Sexuality and Disabilities

• Research what is medically assisted sex, where is it legal, statistics related to it, types of disabilities that impact one’s sexuality, health benefits and risks

10. Paraphilia and Paraphilic disorders

• Research paraphilia types, treatments, historical data, legislation or laws related these types of sexual behavior

Research and write a 3 page paper on your topic. Present all sides of your topic. The goal of this project is for you to select a topic that you know little or nothing on and research all sides of that issue. As a student, your are not stating your own personal opinions or experiences but rather researching credible information from a variety of sources and presenting it in a neutral, fact based manner.

Format:

• Introduction- this section should state the purpose of the paper and summarize the topics that you will be discussing.
• Body- present the information that you have found related to this topic in a coherent, logical narrative.
• Citation-Cite your sources in either APA or MLA format throughout your paper and then attach a bibliography at the end of the paper (does not apply to 3 page minimum).

Paper will be 12pt font, double spaced, must complete full three pages (not 2.5, etc) for full points WORTH 100 POINTS

Answer 1

Male circumcision risks vs benefits :

Introduction - Over view :

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the skin covering the tip of the penXs . The procedure is fairly common for newborn boys in certain parts of the world, including the United States. Circumcision after the newborn period is possible, but it's a more complex procedure.

For some families, circumcision is a religious ritual. The procedure can also be a matter of family tradition, personal hygiene or preventive health care. For others, however, circumcision seems unnecessary or disfiguring.

In this brief report, I highlight the why the circumcision done globally ,various types of medical procedure ,risk and benefits.

Why its done globally :

Circumcision is a religious or cultural ritual for many Jewish and Islamic families, as well as certain aboriginal tribes in Africa and Australia.

About 25-33% of the total world male population is circumcised.In the US, an average of a million newborn males are circumcised yearly.Circumcision rate in US is as high as 70%, while in Britain it is 6%. In Nigeria, circumcision rate is estimated to be 87%

Circumcision can also be a matter of family tradition, personal hygiene or preventive health care.Sometimes there's a medical need for circumcision, such as when the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back (retracted) over the glans. In other cases, particularly in parts of Africa, circumcision is recommended for older boys or men to reduce the risk of certain sexually transmitted infections.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) says the benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks. However, the AAP doesn't recommend routine circumcision for all male newborns. The AAP leaves the circumcision decision up to parents — and supports use of anesthetics for infants who have the procedure.

Benefits Vs Risk :

• · Easier hygiene. Circumcision makes it simpler to wash the penXs. However, boys with uncircumcised penXses can be taught to wash regularly beneath the foreskin.
• · Decreased risk of urinary tract infections. The risk of urinary tract infections in males is low, but these infections are more common in uncircumcised males. Severe infections early in life can lead to kidney problems later.
• · Decreased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Circumcised men might have a lower risk of certain sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Still, safe sexual practices remain essential.
• · Prevention of penile problems. Occasionally, the foreskin on an uncircumcised penXs can be difficult or impossible to retract (phimosis). This can lead to inflammation of the foreskin or head of the penXs.
• · Decreased risk of penile cancer. Although cancer of the penXs is rare, it's less common in circumcised men. In addition, cervical cancer is less common in the female sexual partners of circumcised men.

Most healthcare professionals maintain that the potential benefits of circumcision are not strong enough to justify routine childhood circumcision. Critics of circumcision argue that it has disadvantages, such as:

• · Reduced sensitivity – an uncircumcised penXs is more sensitive than a circumcised penXs, meaning that circumcised men may experience less pleasure during sex.
• · Potential complications of circumcision – these include excessive bleeding and post-operative infection, and outweigh any potential benefits.
• · Critics have also argued that routinely circumcising baby boys on medical grounds violates the principle of consent to treatment. They say that circumcision should only be performed when a boy is old enough to make an informed decision about whether he wishes to be circumcised.

Different types of Circumcision condition :

· PHIMOSIS Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin can’t be retracted (pulled back) from around the tip of the p

· PARAPHIMOSIS A condition called paraphimosis can also result when the foreskin is retracted, but can’t be moved back into its normal position. This may require emergency medical attention.

· BALANITIS Balanitis is inflammation of the glans p and is a common condition affecting an estimated 3-11% of males. Balanitis can occur in males at any age.

Various Surgery Techniques of male circumcision:

Various methods of circumcision including several devices are in use for male circumcision.

These methods can be grouped into three: Shield and clamp, dorsal slit, and excision.

Many of the methods in use today fall in to one of these major classes. Shield and clamp adopts the use of device to effect circumcision obviating the use of knife in majority of cases. The device method is the commonly used method of circumcision in recent practice.

The device methods appear favored in the pediatric circumcision while the risk of complications increases with increasing age of the patient at surgery.

Benefits of Laser Circumcision

Painless and Bloodless procedure ,No wound no scar left ,10 min procedure, same day discharge.

Conclusion:

As Murphy has argued: “Biomedical research and its social applications are almost always worthy of sustained critical scrutiny” In the case of circumcision, in particular – originally a ritual practice with a long history of being dubiously medicalized – it is important to be especially skeptical . At the end of the day, it is not altogether clear that a minor reduction in the absolute risk of certain infections or diseases – whose prevalence in developed nations is generally low, and whose occurrence can typically be avoided by other, less injurious means8 – is worth the ‘trade-off’ of losing a part of one’s penXs. What is certain, however, is that the answer to this question is likely to be highly subjective, and to depend upon numerous, unpredictable, and ultimately personal factors Therefore, it should be up to the affected individual himself (or indeed herself, in analogous circumstances) to decide about permanent genital-modification surgeries at such a time as he or she can meaningfully factor in his or her own preferences and values. Circumcision before an age of consent is not a desirable health-promotion strategy, given more effective, and less ethically problematic, alternatives.

REFERENCES

1. Blank S, Brady M, Buerk E, Carlo W, Diekema D, Freedman A, et al. American Academy of Pediatrics, Task force on Circumcision: Male circumcision. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e756–85

2. Earp BD, Darby RJ. Does science support infant circumcision? A skeptical reply to Brian Morris. The Skeptic. (2014). Available from: https://www.academia.edu/9872471/Does_science_support_infant_circumcision