Question

In as much detail as possible, discuss two phenomenological research methods that emerged from the phenomenological philosophy of Husserl and the central tenets of each method with what is known about the theorists/psychologists who developed each method?

Answer 1

According to Husserl, Phenomenology is a broad discipline based on the idea that reality consists of objects and events as they are perceived or understood in the human consciousness. It is sometimes depicted as the science of experiences.

Two phenomenological research methods that emerged from Husserl's philosophy are:

1) Realist Phenomenology: This refers to the analysis of the intentional structures of mental acts. This is in accordance to how they are shown in real as well as ideal objects. The theorists who developed this method are Johanes Daubert, Adolf Reinach, Alexander Pfander, Max Scheler, Roman Ingarden, Nicolai Hartmann and Hans Kochler. The theorists together were known as the Munich group at the University of Munich in the early 20th century. The central tenet of this method lies in Husserl's 'Logical Investigation.'

2) Transcendental Phenomenology: This method takes intuitive experiences as its point of commencement. From this, it tries to capture the generalized essential features of experiences and the essence of what one experience. This would mean keeping aside relationships with the natural world around. The theorists who developed this method were Oskar Becker, Aron Gurwitsch and Alfred Schutz.The central tenet of this method is Husserl's 'Ideas' forming the intuitive experiences of this Constitutive Phenomenology.