Question

The direct-manipulation systems have significantly evolved overtime, discuss some latest applications that benefit from using direct-manipulation interfaces. Support your answer with suitable examples.

Answer 1

Direct manipulation (DM) is an interaction style in which users act on displayed objects of interest using physical, incremental, reversible actions whose effects are immediately visible on the screen.

Direct Manipulation is a human-computer interaction style that involves the continuous representation of objects of interest and rapid, reversible, and incremental actions and feedback. As opposed to other interaction styles, for example, the command language, the intention of direct manipulation is to allow a user to manipulate objects presented to them, using actions that correspond at least loosely to manipulation of physical objects.

Applications of Direct Manipulation Interface are:-

• The action of using your fingertips to zoom in and out of the image is an example of a direct-manipulation interaction. Another classic example is dragging a file from a folder to another one in order to move it.
• Direct Manipulation concepts can be applied to interfaces for blind or vision-impaired users, using a combination of tactile and sonic devices and software.
• Netflix allows 3 interactions for rearranging a queue: dragging a movie to the desired position (not shown), moving it directly to top (Move to top option), or typing in the position where it needs to be moved (Move to option).
• Moving a file on macOS using direct manipulation involves dragging that file from the source folder and moving it into the destination folder.

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