5. The following second messenger activates protein
kinase C
A) cAMP
B)DAG
C)cGMP
D) IP3
E) calcium
6. Which of these is the second messenger for
calmodulin?
A) cAMP
B)DAG
C)cGMP
D) IP3
E) calcium
7. Which of these is the second messenger thatv leads to
glucose mobilization?
A) cAMP
B) IP3
C) DAG
D) Calcium
E) cGMP
8. Which of these second messengers opens calcium
channels?
A) IP3
B) cAMP
C) cGMP
D)DAG
E) calcium
9. Which of these...
The G protein
Converts ATP into CAMP
Activates adenylate cyclase
Activates kinases
Moves into the nucleus
Which of the following is considered the 1st
messenger?
CAMP
the receptor
The Hormone
The G protein
Water soluble hormones
Do not need a transport protein
Do need a transport protein
Can pass into the nucleus
Can pass through the plasma membrane
Glucagon is released when
Only when lipolysis occurs
When blood levels increase and decrease
Blood glucose levels
increase
Blood glucose levels decrease...
What is a second-messenger system? Why is it necessary for amino
acid-based hormones to use such a system? Why does it allow amino
acid-based hormones to only act where they are supposed to?
Which hormones does the pituitary gland make? Which other glands
are directly controlled by the pituitary’s hormones? Why is it
beneficial that so many glands are controlled by a single organ
attached to the brain?
What is Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)? What kind of situations
would cause...
Compare and contrast the activities of AMP-activated protein
kinase and cAMP dependent protein kinase. To answer this question,
address each of the points given here, labeling each point with
what you are addressing.
Describe the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes (2 pts)
[type answer here]
What are the allosteric activators and inhibitors of these
enzymes. Explain why do these allosteric regulators make sense?
(3 pts)
[type answer here]
What are the hormones that lead to stimulation and inhibition of
these...
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol
(DAG) are second messenger molecules derived from the cleavage of
the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by activated
phospholipase C.
A) Describe the role of IP3 in causing a rise in
cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.
B)How do cells restore resting levels of cytosolic Ca+2?
C)What is the principal function of DAG?
Cytosolic Ca2+ is an important “second messenger”, and is
usually maintained at sub-micromolar concentrations. List 3
distinct mechanisms through which the cytosolic concentration of
Ca2+ is regulated.