Question

How do polar, nonpolar, and amphipathic biomolecules differ?

Answer 1

Polar molecules

The polar molecule has a net dipole as a product of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically.

Nonpolar molecules

The non polar molecule may be nonpolar either when there is an equal sharing of electrons between the two atoms of a diatomic molecule or because of the symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds in a more complex molecule

Amphipathic

They cantain a molecules of both polar (water-soluble) and nonpolar (not water-soluble) portions in its structure

1. Hydrophobic (water hating)
2. Hydrophilic (water loving )

This amphiphilic molecule has several polar groups (hydrophilic, water-loving) and a long nonpolar chain (lipophilic, fat-loving) . This gives it surfactan tproperties

The micelle is the lipophilic ends of the surfactant molecules dissolve in the oil, while the hydrophilic charged ends remain outside in the water phase, shielding the rest of the hydrophobicmicelle.

In this way, the small oil droplet becomes water-soluble

Phospholipids are effective natural surfactants that have important biological function

Polar	Non polar	Amphipathic
1.A polar molecule such as water has a negative end and two positive ends. 2.The charged end of one molecule is attracted to the oppositely charged end in a neighbouring molecule. 3.Polar molecules have strong intermolecular forces of attraction. 4.The dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules 5.High melting points and boiling point 6.Example Hydrogen fluoride	1.A nonpolar molecule such as BF₃ is symmetrical about the centre of the molecule, so the molecule has no positive or negative end. 2.Each charge around the central atom is balanced, and there is no overall polarity to one side of the molecule. The molecule is nonpolar. 3.Nonpolar molecules have only weak attractive forces 4.No net molecular dipole moment 5.Nonpolar substances tend to have low melting points and boiling points. 6.Example Carbon dioxide	1.Large molecules that have one end with polar groups attached and another end with nonpolar groups 2.As amphiphiles or amphiphilic molecules. They are good surfactants and can aid in the formation of stable emulsions, or blends, of water and fats. 3.Surfactants reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water by adsorbing at the liquid–liquid interface.