Question

In: Biology

Kindly answer the 2 case studies below 1. A twenty five year old woman presents at...

Kindly answer the 2 case studies below

1. A twenty five year old woman presents at the OB/GYN with infertility. She has been married for approximately 5 years and has been trying to conceive for the past two years with no success. She reports having begun menses at approximately 15 years of age, but has experienced menstrual irregularity for a number of years. Her FSH levels are high, and she is mildly hirsute (has hair deposition similar to that of males). She is of normal height and weight, but lacks some normal female secondary sexual characteristics. Her husband has a normal sperm count, normal semen volume and is normally virilized.

a. What is (are) the likely cause(s) of the failure to conceive?

b. What is the significance (and origin ) of her hirsutism?

c. What is the likely origin of her failure to develop normal secondary sexual characteristics (and how does this relate to her failure to conceive?)

2. A twenty five year old man presents in the Andrology clinic. HE has been married for two years and the couple have been trying to conceive , with no success. His wife visited her OB/GYN, and all hormonal profiles are normal; in addition, she has regular cycles of a 28 day duration. The Urologist examining this individual describes one normal and one undescended testis. The client’s hormonal profile includes higher than normal levels of FSH, with testosterone levels in the low to very low range. Estradiol levels are normal. A sample of ejaculate indicates no mature sperm. A subsequent testis biopsy indicates only secondary spermatocytes.

a. What is the cause of this couple’s infertility?

b. What is the chromosome content of this individual’s secondary spermatocyte?

c. Is the dysfunction in this individual likely due to a defect in mitosis, meiosis or in spermiogenesis? Why would you think this?

d. What should be done about this individual’s undescended testis? What are likely consequences of this action/

e. What is the likely origin of this individual’s higher than normal level of FSH?

Solutions

Expert Solution

1)

a) Let us examine the male and female partner: The male partner has normal sperm count and virility. Hence chances of failure due to him are negligible. On the contrary Female partner expresses the following abnormalities

  • High levels of FSH: FSH released by the Anterior Pituitary causes Ovulation and regulates Menstrual Cycle in women. High levels might be telling us of a premature Menopause which she has reached. High levels of FSH can also cause other abnormalities

​b)

  • Hirsutism: Reason for this might be abnormal levels of Androgens (Testosterone) in her. High levels of Testosteron is known to cause irregular menstrual cycles which has been reported in her case.

​c)

  • ​Secondary sexual characters are born of hormones Estrogen and Testosterone. Females produce a very less quantity of Testosterone and relatively higher quantity of Estrogen. High quantities of testosterone has impaired female secondary sexual characters in our subject. Further the hormonal imabalance is linked with irregular menstrual cycle and has been known to cause Polycystic Ovary syndrome which is known to cause infertility.

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