In: Biology
Most bacteria can easily be lysed by heating to a high temperature, thus eliminating the need for a separate DNA extraction step prior to DNA amplification by PCR. Probiotic bacteria are notoriously difficult to lyse, requiring enzymatic or physical disruption methods. Explain why (think about gram identity and the environmental conditions for probiotic bacteria).
Eukaryotic cells also require DNA extraction steps, unlike most bacteria. Explain why (think about the differences in cell structure).
Many DNA extraction protocols include a step where DNA is precipitated from solution, thus enabling the isolation of pure DNA. This step involves the addition of salt and alcohol. Explain why the addition of salt and ethanol causes DNA to precipitate from an aqueous solution. (Think about the structure of DNA and its interaction with an aqueous solvent).