Question

In the context of providing protection against smallpox, describe (A) the similarities and (B) the differences between variolation and vaccination. (C) Now explain the mechanisms by which immunization with vaccinia virus provides protection against smallpox.

Answer 1

Similarities and diffrence between Variolation and vaccination

VARIOLATION: inoculation is the  practice of introducing a small amount of viral matter into the body (usually through the skin) in order to prime the immune system to recognise and destroy that virus.It is a previntive measure not a cure .

variolation is the process by which people were deliberately infected with less-severe strains of smallpox virus with the intention that when they recovered(98% did) , they would be immune to future infections even with the more deadly strain. This was practised in china , Africa,and several countries in the middle east right up to the mid-1700s (variola=smallpox)

VACCINATION : vaccination ,in its original and most precise usage,means inoculation against smallpox using the related , but far less dangerous vaccinia.

vaccination was the process by which people were deliberately infected with the virus that causes another disease, the relatively mid cow-pox. Those who were given cow-pox virus were found to be immune if they were subsequently exposed to small pox.

This technique was attributed to Edward jenner, a british physicvian . It provided the same protection , with much less risk , and was so successful that it became a standard practise around the globe, culminating in a complete eradication of smallpox by 1977

C : smallpox vacccine induce robust T cells and B cells responses that target a wide array of viral protection and provide cross protective immunity against important human pathogens such as virola and monkeypox. recent advances in proteome-wide immune profiling and epitome identification have provided important regarding pox virusimmunology.