Question

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Give the approximate name for the following compounds

a) already answered

b) OCPhOHCCh2O

c) 5 carbon chain, double bonded O on 3 carbon and N replacing C at 4 carbon

d) '

e) Cyclohexane with an OH, and O double bonded

f)

g)

h) Cyclohexane, Clorine group on 5, CN group on 2

i)

j)

k)

l)

Answer 1

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Question has several points unclear. But we can establish the basis for IUPAC rules for naming Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and this should help you.

Carboxylic acids have the general formula R - COOH. The carboxylic acid functional group is also called carboxyl group:

Functional group uses three of the four valences of carbon, so it is a terminal function. Also it cannot be within the chain of a cycle (because it has only one valence free to link). This means that if the molecule is a cycle the functional group is “on” the cycle.

Names for compounds that are carboxylic acids use as suffix “oic acid” or “carboxylic acid” as we will see.

When the group is attached to a cyclic molecule we use the suffix “carboxylic acid”:

Derivatives of carboxylic acids. There are several derivatives of carboxylic acids. There nomenclature rules are closely related to that of carboxylic acids, except we drop the word acid and change the suffix.

Compound b seems to be an ester. For esters we name first the portion attached to the oxygen placing the suffix “yl” as for a substituent and then we name the carboxylic derivate portion (which we identify because it is attached to the carbonyl group) placing the suffix “oate”:

c) Seems to be an amide. Acid chain has three carbons, so it is a propanoic acid derivative. The suffix for amides is “amide”:

e) It is not clear the description of the compound. As described it does not seem a carboxylic acid. Seems a ketone

This is not a carboxilic acid derivative

h) This is a Nitrile. Since the nitrile functional group is “on” the ring we use the “carbonitrile” suffix. Remember, carboxylic acid and their derivatives use three of the four valences of carbon, so when in a cyclic structure they are not within the cycle but over it.

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