Question

37. Why is scaling important to understanding how biological organisms adapt to their environment?

A. it is hard for organisms to remove plaque from their teeth
B. in order to adapt an organism must overcome the constraints imposed by the physical dimensions of size
C. physical dimensions are not proportional to biological processes
D. organisms do not understand Euclidean geometry
E. organisms have limited access to scales used to measure their mass as they evolve

38. Why is selection for both Batesian and Müllerian mimicry frequency dependent?

A. fitness of a morph phenotype is not dependent on its frequency in the population
B. fitness of a morph phenotype is dependent on the frequency of epistatic mutations in the population
C. fitness of a morph phenotype is dependent on the recombination frequency in the population
D. fitness of a morph phenotype is dependent on its frequency in the population
E. fitness of a morph phenotype is dependent on the homozygosity of individual genes in the population

40. What may prevent some species from going extinct in response to climate change?

A. continental drift
B. relocating them to a new planet
C. existence of genetic variation from populations locally adapted to the change trending
D. genetic drift
E. lack of genetic variation in populations separated by great distances

Answer 1

37. Why is scaling important to understanding how biological organisms adapt to their environment?

B. in order to adapt an organism must overcome the constraints imposed by the physical dimensions of size

Scaling in biology is the structural and functional consequences of a change in size and scale among similarly organized animals.

The study of biological scaling is also known as allometry.

Allometry describes how the characteristics of living creatures change with size.

It is the scaling relationship between the size of a body part and the size of the body as a whole since both of these grow during development.

38. Why is selection for both Batesian and Müllerian mimicry frequency dependent?

D. fitness of a morph phenotype is dependent on its frequency in the population

If a morph is rare in a population, it can be more fit as other common morphs will be attacked by predators and the rare morph will be protected thus they can survive and regenerate more and be more stable in the population but once these rare morph reproduce and become more than the common morphs, they will start getting caught by the predators and this can lead to decrease in their frequency.

Bartesian mimicry is a form of protective mimicry in which a species that is harmless closely resembles a harmful one to get protection from predators.

Mullerian mimicry is a form of mimicry in which two or more unprofitable species share one or more common predators have come to mimic each other to their mutual benefit.

Frequency-dependent selection occurs when the fitness of a phenotype is dependent on its frequency relative to other phenotypes in a given population.

There are 2 types

• Positive frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes more common.
• Negative frequency-dependent selection the fitness of a phenotype decreases as it becomes more common.

40. What may prevent some species from going extinct in response to climate change?

C. existence of genetic variation from populations locally adapted to the change trending

Local adaptations can be a major determinant of the adaptive capacity of populations to changing climatic conditions.