Question

ln genetics, what are the biological effects of radiation in humans ?

Answer 1

##### Answer and Explanation #####

In the field of Physics, a great discovery of radiations ( These are the high energy, moving sub atomic particles that cause ionization ) led a revolution not only in Physics but also in other fields of the basic sciences including Biology, where mainly in medical field where Doctors use it in many ways to detect internal body problems of haumans, along with it is broadly used for the research purposes by the scientists and scholars.

As we know that everything has positive and negative affect, in the same manner radiations have also some adverse effects in the human body. Radiations work as physical mutagen ( Vibrating or pulsating rays or "waves" of electrical and magnetic energy ) that casuses Mutation (Sudden changes in genes, due to deletion and alternation of bases, insertion or rearrangement) in the DNA of cells. This mutagenic effect of the radiation could be in 1920s. Radiation has been a interesting subject to be studied because it damages genetic material in reproductive cells and results mutations that are brought from the one generation to the next generation and continues. Exposure may be Ionizing or Non Ionizing.

Biological effects of radiation in humans

• Cancer - As we know that cells have definite DNA material which regulates all the metabolic and cycling processes in the cells , but if mutation occurs with the radiation mutagen it can bring the changes in the DNA base sequences , in case if it is not checked and repaired , that can lead to abnormal division of cells resulting Cancer.
• Pregnancy Risk (Birth defect) - During the pregnancy in organogenesis period exposure of radiation can lead to teratogenic (Abnormalitis in physiological development), carcinogenic (cancer promoting situation) or mutagenic ( situation of substance that can lead to mutation) effect can be based on the level of radiation exposure.) It may be transmitted genetically , if the progeny survive and produces.
• Chromosomal abberations- Radiation can alter the chromo somes or delete or rearange their position which may result the genetic adverse condition.
• Blood protein mutation- Hemoglobin is one of the blood protein that funtions by transporting oxygen. But Mutagen radiation it can alter the base sequenses that results to code different amino acid (from glutamate to valine) which leads to SICKLE CELL ANEMIA. It may also occur is genetic level and may be transmitted from one generation to generation.

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