Question

In: Biology

course is Biological Engineering 1 a. Explain biological effect of radiation b. Explain the following i)...

course is Biological Engineering

1 a. Explain biological effect of radiation

b. Explain the following

i) Radiation effect on cellular level

ii) Radiation effects at the organ level

iii) How can radiation affect health


2. Explain the following

i) Acute effect of radiation
ii) Genetic effect of radiation
iii) Teratogenic effect of radiation
3. Write on the following

i) Inhalation

ii) Ingestion

iii) Dermal

iv) Internal and external radiation

Solutions

Expert Solution

1 )

a) radaition causes the damage to skin such as reddening or tissue burn etc.

It also creates the gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting , diarrhea and Nausea

Patient become fatigue and malaise

Increased blood pressure and other chenges in the blood also occur

It will damage the bone marrow and also damage the cells present in the intestinal lining

It cause damage to the brain and blood vessels, tissue burn, genetic mutatiin, cancerogenic effects and chromosomal abbrevations.

b)

i) radiation will result in the destruction of cells . If the radiation dose is very less the symptoms will not appear immediately and will take years to express symptoms . When radiation exposure to the cell it will pierce through the cell and cause damage to cellular components and further affect metabolism of the entire body. It cause breakage of DNA and gene mutation.

ii) In organ level the radiation will breaks the chemicals bonds between the atoms of molecules and cause destruction or the malfunctioning of the molecule. It also produce the hydroxyl radicles and it is highly reactive which damage the biological molecules and affect further psyological processes.

iii) In high level of radiation exposure the skin burn and radiation sickness will occur. ( nausea, vomiting, diarrhea etc) and it also causes the cancer. It also a cause of cardiovascular diseases. If the exposure level is very high ( greater than 10 Gy ) might cause the sudden death of individual.

2) i) it will cause acute radiation syndrome It is other wise known as the radiation sickness or the radiation toxicity. It happens when the person exposure to the radiation at high dose for short period of time and ut will penetrate into the body through skin. Its symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of constipation, diarrhea, skin burn, infection ,bleeding etc.

ii) In genetic level the radiation will result in the muation in gene and breakage of DNA. The changes in the DNA include deletion, rearrangement, breakdown of sugar, and phosphate, base changes etc. Radiation will cause change in the DNA within the cell.It also cause mutations in germ cells (sperm and the ova) will be transfered tothe future generation to generations and therefore known as genetic or the heritable effects.Genetic effects sometimes will not appear appear until many generations .

iii) teratogenic effectvof radiation include the stunded growth ( about 4 percentage shorter than the normal ones ) and brain damages. If the foetus exposed to the radiation during sensitive time ( 2 to 18 weeks of pregnancy )it will result in the defects in birth. The foetus will also have several health problems and having increased risk of death.

3)

i) inhalation is also known as inspiration and it is the process of inward movement of air into the lungs through mouth during the process of breathing . In this process the diaphram will contracta and increases the space. As a result the air will move downward.

ii) The process of taking of food throgh mouth is known as ingestion Here the food will be breaks into pieces and then pass through the digestive system. After digestion and absorption the undigested waste will excrete out through anus.

iii) The term dermal is related to skin or the dermis.

iv) This radiation is atype of therapy

In internal radiation the source of radiation ( radioactive molecule ) will be placed inside the body near to the target region ( cancer cell) and emit the radiation.

In external radiation will emit into the target area of body from an outside source and it is more common method.


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