3. What happens to the enzyme and the substrate during a chemical reaction? What does it...

3. What happens to the enzyme and the substrate during a chemical reaction? What does it mean by enzymes being “specific”? Why is the active site specific for only one type of substrate?

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Expert Solution

During an Enzymatic reaction, the Enzyme and substrate undergoes structural changes.

At first the Enzyme attaches to the substrate via specific low energy interactions, like H-bonding, electrostatic interaction.

Then the Enzyme substrate complex is formed.This complex then undergoes transition as the substrate is converted to an Transition state where old bonds are breaking and new bonds are creating. The transition state then converts the Substrate into Product.The product has low specificity toward the enzyme and is released from the enzyme.In some reactions intermediates are also formed in between substrate and products.

The "Specific" term that is often co related with Enzyme.Specific here means that Enzyme is exclusive for a particular substrate.It means that if a substrate is equal to a key, the enzyme is a lock.Thus as the lock is only opened by a specific key, the enzyme reacts to a specific substrate.

The active site of the enzyme is specific towards only one type of substrate.This occurs due to the fact that a particular substrate forms particular interactions with the enzyme.These interactions are favourable for the substrate to bind to the enzyme and thereby increase the affinity of the substrate toward enzyme multiple folds.Thus specific interactions between the substrate and enzyme and not between other molecule and enzyme determines the specificity of the enzyme towards a substrate

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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