Question

using Betty Neuman tertiary prevention case study, simply identify the stressors specific to our patient

-> intrapersonal, interpersonal, extrapersonal

Answer 1

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE BETTY"S NEUMANA'S THEORY

Betty Neumans was born in 1924,in Lowel,Ohio,A pioneer in the community mental health movement and began developing her health system model .Betty Neumans described her theory in 1974 and published it in 1982 and it is a complex system model with focus on stress reactions and stress reductions

INTRODUCTION;

- This theory or model when applied in nursing practice helped in identifying the interpersonal,intrapersonal and extrapersona stressors of a client.The Neumans model is based on the philosophy that each person is a layered

multidiamensional variables and according to Neuman FIVE factors causes stress to an individual such as;

-PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSORS-it refers to the functions of the body

-PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS-refers to mental processess and emotions

-SOCIO-CULTURAL STRESSORS-refers to relationships and social activities

-SPIRITUAL STRESSORS-refers to influences of spiritual beliefs

-DEVELOPMENTAL STRESSORS-it refers to processess related to developmental life span

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS FEATURES ARE AS FOLLOWS;;

-Each client system is unique

-Many known,unknown and universal stressors exist

-Stressors have potential to disturb equilibrium

-The client system composite of five interpersonnal relationship variables such as biological ,psychological,socio-  cultural and developmental

LEVELS OF PREVENTION

1-PRIMARY PREVENTION

-it can be strengthen the patients   

-occurs before the system eacts to a stressors

-it may cause health promotion,disease prevention,injury prevention and mental strength

-it may produce the feeling of wellness

2-SECONDARY PREVENTION

-occurs after the stressors has effected the enviornment

-may prevent the further mental and physical complications

-focuses on preventing damage to internal core

3-TERTIARY PREVENTION

-it usually focus on mental and physical support

-re-education to prevent future occurrences

-maintanance of stability

-occurs after the system has been treated through secondary prevention measures

ACCORDING TO BETTY NEUMANS TERTIARY PREVENTION CASE STUDY;

The stresssors are classified into three;

   1-interpersonl-is defined as it occurs between individuals

-The interpersonal factors are'

  -HAS SUPPORTIVE FAMILY AND FRIENDS

-GOOD SOCIAL INTERACTION WITH OTHERS

   -GOOD SOCIAL SUPPORTIVE SYSTEMS

  -ACTIVE IN AGRICULTURAL WORKS AT HOME

  -ACTIVE IN CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

-ACTIVE IN RELIGIOS ACTIVITIES

-MAINTAIN GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

  -GOOD SOCIAL AGJUSTMENT SYSTEMMS

      -ACTIVE IN RELAXATION TECHNIQUES

2-intra-personal-it is defined as it occurs within a person

-It includes physical examination and investigations;

-HEIGHT AND WEIGHT

-TEMPERATURE ,RESPIRATION AND PULSE RATE

-BLOOD PRESSURE

-EYE VISION AND EYE APPEARANCE

-EAR APPEARANCE AND ABILITY TO HEAR

-CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

-GASTRO-INTESTINAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

-EXTREMITIES RANGE OF MOTION AND WEAKNESS

-INTEGUMENTARY SYASTEM

-GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

-SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES

-SLEEP ,DIET AND NUTRITION

-PERSONAL HABITS LIKE SMOKING AND ALCOHOLISM

-PSYCHOLOGICAL OR MENTAL FACTORS LIKE STRESS ANXIOUS,

-DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS

-SPIRITUAL FACTORS

-CULTURAL FACTORS

-OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

3-extrapersonal-it is defined as it occurs outside the individuals

-HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AVAILABLE

-ALL THE COMMUNICATION FACILITIES AVAILABLE

-FINANCIAL STABILITY

-TRANSPORT FACILITIES

TERTIARY PREVENTION FOR THE CLIENTS'

-educate and re -educate the client and family members about the patient care and recovery

-coordinates the care activities

-teach the importance of psychological wellbeing

-encourage the client to do the mobilitty exercise

-tell the family to provide nutritios diet

APPLICATION OF BEETY NEUMANS THEORY

-in nursing education

-in nursing practices

-in nursing administarion

-in nursing research

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS TO NEUMANS THEORY

-assess the stressors and patients response to the stressor

-identifying nursing diagnosis

-plan patient centred care

-implement interventions

-evaluate the patients response

-determine if the stressors is resolved or not