Question

What is the difference between multiprogramming and multiprocessing?

Answer 1

MULTIPROGRAMMING: A computer running more than one program at a time ( (like running Excel and Firefox simultaneously)

MULTIPROCESSING: A computer using more than one CPU at a time.

Multiprogramming:

One of the most important aspects of an operating system is multi-program: in a computer system, several processes wait to be executed, that is, they wait when the processor is ready for them. allocated and start their execution. These processes are also called jobs. Now, main memory is too small to accommodate all of these processes or jobs. So these processes are initially kept in an area called the job pool. This job pool includes all the processes waiting to be allocated main memory and CPU.

The CPU selects a job from all these pending jobs, takes it from the job pool to main memory, and starts executing it. The processor runs a job until it is interrupted by an external factor or it performs I / O activity.

The main goal of multiprogramming is:

1. Maximum CPU usage.
2. Efficient management of the main memory

Multiprocessing:

In a single processor system, only one process is running at a time. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support multiple processors in a single computer system. Now that there are multiple processors available, multiple processes can be run at once. These multi processors share the computer bus, sometimes the clock, memory and peripherals as well.

Multiprocessing refers to hardware (i.e., CPU units) rather than software (i.e., running processes). If the underlying hardware provides more than one processor, it is multiprocessing. It is the system's ability to harness the computing power of multiple processors.

Multiprocessing systems can be divided into two types:

1. Symmetric Multiprocessing: The operating system is on one processor and the other processors execute user programs.
2. Asymmetric Multiprocessing: The operating system runs on an available processor, or all processors run the user program at the same time

Difference between Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing:

1. A system can be multi-programmed by having multiple programs running at the same time and multiprocessing by having more than one physical processor. The difference between multiprocessing and multiprocessing is that multiprocessing is basically running multiple processes at the same time on multiple processors, whereas multiprocessing is keeping multiple programs in main memory and running them simultaneously using a single CPU.  
2. multiple programming occurs when changing from one process to another (a phenomenon called context switching).

NO:	MULTIPROCESSING	MULTIPROGRAMMING
1	Multiprocessing refers to the processing of multiple processes at the same time by multiple processors.	Multiple programming maintains multiple programs in main memory at the same time and executes them at the same time using a single CPU.
2	It utilizes multiple CPUs.	It utilizes single CPU.
3	Less time taken to process the jobs.	More Time taken to process the jobs.
4	It facilitates much efficient utilization of devices of the computer system.	Less efficient than multiprocessing.
5	Usually more expensive.	Such systems are less expensive.