Question

describe the benzene molecule and how its shape impacts its characteristics

Answer 1

Benzene is a liquid that is flammable  and colourless.it has a sweet gasoline like odor.it is the simplest organic aromatic hydrocarbons.it is highly toxic and carcinogen.the formula of benzene is C6H6.so it has six C atoms and six H atoms it has a chemical structure as a hexagon with alternative double bonds.

The delocalisation of the electrons means that there are not alternating double bond and single bonds.It is planer because that is the only way that the p orbital can overlap to give the delocalisation of pi system.Each carbon atom has two joint to 3 atoms and doesn’t have enough and paired electrons to form the required number of bones so it needs to promote one of the 2s2 pair into the  2pz orbital.

The carbon atom is now called to be in an excited state.

The new Orbitals are formed are called SP2 hybridisation.The atoms are at 120° to each other in a plane.

so Benzene is nonpolar and immiscible with water and readily  miscible with organic solvent.

Benzene have ring current and follows the aromatic laws.The C-C double bond is greater than double bond but shorter than a single bond.For this type of resonance structure the stability increases and it gains aromatic property.Heat capacity is 134.8 j/mol.k. And the dipole moment is 0 D.Melting point is 5.53° .