Question

Balance the following equation, remove all mole fractions

C₅H₁₂O + K₂Cr₂O₇ + H₂SO₄ = Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + C₂H₄O₂ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O

I need the half reaction 1, half reaction 2, and the complete balanced equation (with K⁺ and SO₄^2-)

Please explain your steps, I'm trying to study for a test and I'm not sure how to go about this. Thank you!

Answer 1

Please note that the equations are written on the paper as per step number mentioned.

Step 1. Write down the unbalanced equation . All reactants and products must be known.

C5H12O + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + C2H4O2 + K2SO4 + H2O

Step2. Separate the redox reaction into half-reactions. A redox reaction is nothing but both oxidation and reduction reactions taking place simultaneously.

a) Assign oxidation numbers for each atom in the equation. Oxidation number (also called oxidation state) is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a substance (see: Rules for assigning oxidation numbers).

b) Identify and write out all redox couples in reaction. Identify which reactants are being oxidized (the oxidation number increases when it reacts) and which are being reduced (the oxidation number goes down)

Step 3. Balance the atoms in each half reaction. A chemical equation must have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. Add appropriate coefficients (stoichiometric coefficients) in front of the chemical formulas. Never change a formula when balancing an equation. Balance each half reaction separately.

a) Balance all other atoms except hydrogen and oxygen. We can use any of the species that appear in the skeleton equations for this purpose. Keep in mind that reactants should be added only to the left side of the equation and products to the right.

b) Balance the oxygen atoms. Check if there are the same numbers of oxygen atoms on the left and right side, if they aren't equilibrate these atoms by adding water molecules.

c) Balance the hydrogen atoms. Check if there are the same numbers of hydrogen atoms on the left and right side, if they aren't equilibrate these atoms by adding protons (H+).

Step 4. Balance the charge. To balance the charge, add electrons (e-) to the more positive side to equal the less positive side of the half-reaction. It doesn't matter what the charge is as long as it is the same on both sides.

Step 5. Make electron gain equivalent to electron lost. The electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction must be equal the electrons gained in the reduction half-reaction. To make the two equal, multiply the coefficients of all species by integers producing the lowest common multiple between the half-reactions.

Step 6. Add the half-reactions together. The two half-reactions can be combined just like two algebraic equations, with the arrow serving as the equals sign. Recombine the two half-reactions by adding all the reactants together on one side and all of the products together on the other side.

Step 7. Simplify the equation. The same species on opposite sides of the arrow can be canceled. Write the equation so that the coefficients are the smallest set of integers possible