The following is the ending balances of accounts at December 31, 2018 for the Valley Pump Corporation. Account Title Debits Credits Cash 42,000 Accounts receivable 90,000 Inventories 115,000 Interest payable 27,000 Marketable securities 78,000 Land 154,000 Buildings 385,000 Accumulated depreciation—buildings 117,000 Equipment 109,000 Accumulated depreciation—equipment 42,000 Copyright (net of amortization) 29,000 Prepaid expenses (next 12 months) 49,000 Accounts payable 82,000 Deferred revenues (next 12 months) 37,000 Notes payable 335,000 Allowance for uncollectible accounts 7,000 Common stock 370,000 Retained earnings 34,000 Totals 1,051,000 1,051,000 Additional information: The $154,000 balance in the land account consists of $117,000 for the cost of land where the plant and office buildings are located. The remaining $37,000 represents the cost of land being held for speculation. The $78,000 in the marketable securities account represents an investment in the common stock of another corporation. Valley intends to sell one-half of the stock within the next year. The notes payable account consists of a $134,000 note due in six months and a $201,000 note due in three annual installments of $67,000 each, with the first payment due in August of 2019.

Joe Vandal LLC. last year’s sales were $10million. The company spends $3.5 million for purchase of direct materials and $2.5 million for direct labor. Overhead is $3.5 million, and profit is $500,000. Direct labor and direct material vary directly with sales, but overhead does not. The company wants to double its profit.

1. By how much should the firm increase annual sales?
2. By how much should the firm decrease material costs?
3. By how much should the firm decrease labor cost?

Please shown your answer with clearly laid-out table format with numbers labeled.

Great Adventures Problem 3-1

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
  
On July 1, 2018, Tony and Suzie organize their new company as a corporation, Great Adventures Inc. The following transactions occur from August 1 through December 31. Also, the balances are provided for the month ended July 31.
  
The articles of incorporation state that the corporation will sell 22,000 shares of common stock for $1 each. Each share of stock represents a unit of ownership. Tony and Suzie will act as co-presidents of the company. The following business activities occur during July for Great Adventures.
  
Jul. 1 Sell $11,000 of common stock to Suzie.
Jul. 1 Sell $11,000 of common stock to Tony.
Jul. 1 Purchase a one-year insurance policy for $5,760 ($480 per month) to cover injuries to participants during outdoor clinics.
Jul. 2 Pay legal fees of $1,800 associated with incorporation.
Jul. 4 Purchase office supplies of $2,000 on account.
Jul. 7 Pay for advertising of $320 to a local newspaper for an upcoming mountain biking clinic to be held on July 15. Attendees will be charged $50 the day of the clinic.
Jul. 8 Purchase 10 mountain bikes, paying $18,200 cash.
Jul. 15 On the day of the clinic, Great Adventures receives cash of $3,500 from 70 bikers. Tony conducts the mountain biking clinic.
Jul. 22 Because of the success of the first mountain biking clinic, Tony holds another mountain biking clinic and the company receives $4,050.
Jul. 24 Pay for advertising of $800 to a local radio station for a kayaking clinic to be held on August 10. Attendees can pay $140 in advance or $190 on the day of the clinic.
Jul. 30 Great Adventures receives cash of $9,800 in advance from 70 kayakers for the upcoming kayak clinic.
Aug. 1 Great Adventures obtains a $37,000 low-interest loan for the company from the city council, which has recently passed an initiative encouraging business development related to outdoor activities. The loan is due in three years, and 6% annual interest is due each year on July 31.
Aug. 4 The company purchases 14 kayaks, paying $19,600 cash.
Aug. 10 Twenty additional kayakers pay $3,800 ($190 each), in addition to the $9,800 that was paid in advance on July 30, on the day of the clinic. Tony conducts the first kayak clinic.
Aug. 17 Tony conducts a second kayak clinic, and the company receives $11,000 cash.
Aug. 24 Office supplies of $2,000 purchased on July 4 are paid in full.
Sep. 1 To provide better storage of mountain bikes and kayaks when not in use, the company rents a storage shed, purchasing a one-year rental policy for $4,080 ($340 per month).
Sep. 21 Tony conducts a rock-climbing clinic. The company receives $13,300 cash.
Oct. 17 Tony conducts an orienteering clinic. Participants practice how to understand a topographical map, read an altimeter, use a compass, and orient through heavily wooded areas. The company receives $19,300 cash.
Dec. 1 Tony decides to hold the company’s first adventure race on December 15. Four-person teams will race from checkpoint to checkpoint using a combination of mountain biking, kayaking, orienteering, trail running, and rock-climbing skills. The first team in each category to complete all checkpoints in order wins. The entry fee for each team is $510.Dec. 5 To help organize and promote the race, Tony hires his college roommate, Victor. Victor will be paid $30 in salary for each team that competes in the race. His salary will be paid after the race.Dec. 8 The company pays $1,100 to purchase a permit from a state park where the race will be held. The amount is recorded as a miscellaneous expense.Dec. 12 The company purchases racing supplies for $2,500 on account due in 30 days. Supplies include trophies for the top-finishing teams in each category, promotional shirts, snack foods and drinks for participants, and field markers to prepare the racecourse.Dec. 15 The company receives $20,400 cash from a total of forty teams, and the race is held.Dec. 16 The company pays Victor’s salary of $1,200.
Dec. 31 The company pays a dividend of $3,700 ($1,850 to Tony and $1,850 to Suzie).
Dec. 31 Using his personal money, Tony purchases a diamond ring for $5,300. Tony surprises Suzie by proposing that they get married. Suzie accepts and they get married!

The following information relates to year-end adjusting entries as of December 31, 2018.
  
a. Depreciation of the mountain bikes purchased on July 8 and kayaks purchased on August 4 totals $7,900.
b. Six months’ worth of insurance has expired.
c. Four months’ worth of rent has expired.
d. Of the $2,000 of office supplies purchased on July 4, $330 remains.
e. Interest expense on the $37,000 loan obtained from the city council on August 1 should be recorded.
f. Of the $2,500 of racing supplies purchased on December 12, $210 remains.
g. Suzie calculates that the company owes $14,300 in income taxes.
  
Assume the following ending balances for the month of July.

Required:
1. Record transactions from July 1 through December 31.

2. Record adjusting entries as of December 31, 2018.

4. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018.

5-a. For the period July 1 to December 31, 2018, prepare an income statement.

5-b. For the period July 1 to December 31, 2018, prepare a statement of stockholders’ equity. All account balances on July 1 were zero.

5-c. Prepare a classified balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.

6. Record closing entries as of December 31, 2018.

Classifying Cash Flows
The company provided the following information.
(a)   Cash sales for the year were $50,000; sales on account totaled $60,000. (b) Cost of goods sold was $55,000. (c)   All inventory is purchased on account. (d) Depreciation on building was $31,000 for the year.
(e)   Depreciation on equipment was $2,000.
(f)   Cash collections of accounts receivable were $38,000.
(g) Cash payments on accounts payable for inventory equaled $39,000.
(h)   Rent expense paid in cash was $11,000.
(i)   20,000 shares of common stock were issued for $240,000 in cash.
(j)   Land valued at $106,000 was acquired in exchange for signing a mortgage note payable.
(k)   Equipment was purchased for cash at a cost of $84,000.
(l)   Dividends of $46,000 were declared but not yet paid.
(m) $15,000 of dividends that had been declared the previous year were paid in cash.
(n)   Interest totaling $16,000 was paid in cash during the year.
(o)   A machine used on the assembly line was sold for $12,000 in cash. The machine had a book value of $7,000.
(p) On January 1, the company entered into an operating lease to secure the use of a building having a cash price of $200,000. The first lease payment of $19,000 in cash was made on January 1.
1.   Compute cash from operating activities. 2.   Compute cash from investing activities. 3.   Compute cash from financing activities

describe how concept of management is preceived in entrepreneurship

Jensen and Stafford began a partnership to start a hardwood flooring installation business, by investing $179,000 and $219,000, respectively. They agreed to share profits/(losses) by providing yearly salary allowances of $169,000 to Jensen and $94,000 to Stafford, 15% interest allowances on their investments, and sharing the balance 3:2.

Required:
1. Determine each partner’s share if the first-year profit was $439,000.

2. Independent of (1), determine each partner’s share if the first-year loss was $114,000. (Negative answers should be indicated by a minus sign.)

The City of Imperial Falls contracts with Evergreen Waste Collection to provide solid waste collection to households and businesses. Until recently, Evergreen had an exclusive franchise to provide this service in Imperial Falls, which meant that other waste collection firms could not operate legally in the city. The price per pound of waste collected was regulated at 20 percent above the average total cost of collection.

Cost data for the most recent year of operations for Evergreen are as follows.

Data on customers for the most recent year are as follows.

The City Council of Imperial Falls is considering allowing other private waste haulers to collect waste from businesses, but not from households. Service to businesses from other waste collection firms would not be subject to price regulation. Based on information from neighboring cities, the price that other private waste collection firms will charge is estimated to be $0.04 per pound (= $80 per ton). (1 ton = 2,000 pounds)

Evergreen's CEO has approached the city council with a proposal to change the way costs are allocated to households and businesses, which will result in different rates for households and businesses. She proposes that administrative costs and truck operating costs be allocated based on the number of customers and the other collection costs be allocated based on pounds collected. The total costs allocated to households would then be divided by the estimated number of pounds collected from households to determine the cost of collection. The rate would then be 20 percent above the cost. The rate for businesses would be determined using the same calculation.

Required:

a. Based on cost data from the most recent year, what is the price per pound charged by Evergreen for waste collection under the current system (the same rate for both types of customers)?

b. Based on cost and waste data from the most recent year, what would be the price per pound charged to households and to businesses by Evergreen for waste collection if the CEO’s proposal were accepted?

Product costs are all the expenses related to producing or acquiring products. Period costs are all other expenses. Period costs are tracked during the period in which they occur and products costs are moved to the expense account for costs of goods sold so when the good they are associated with is sold to make matching those expenses with the sales revenue easy. For example the wages for sales staff who sell a books would be a period cost and be recorded as an expense for the period in which they work. Whereas, if you buy books one year, but don't sell them until the next they wouldn't be recorded in the expense account as cost of goods sold until the following year when they are actually sold and are a product cost.

The difference between a product cost and a period cost. A product cost are those costs that are directly associated with the production or acquisition of a good or product. For example, if a Mike's camera store owner bought cameras and paid the shipping to get them to the store the cost of the camera as well as the cost of the shipping would be considered product costs. A period cost is a little more abstract. A period cost would be all of the other expenses. For example the cost of marketing, advertising and administrative would be considered a period cost.

Respond to the above paragraphs in 2 separate paragraphs in your view or opinion.

make a trail balance out of the transactions provided

On August 2, Paid $2200 cash for August salon rent. On August 4, Incurred $400 of advertising costs due in 20 days On August 5, Purchased salon equipment for $120 On August 7, Paid for supplies (shampoos, creams, and gels) $350 On August 8, received $300 for selling gels On August 12, paid $200 water bill On August 12, paid $150 for electricity bill On August 14, incurred $1100 for the business’s bank loan due in 14 days On August 16, purchased a new chair set up for $450 On August 17, paid the amount due for the influencer $400 for advertising On August 19, paid $90 for my internet bill On August 21, received for $200 selling of shampoos On August 23, paid $110 for insurance On August 24, cleaner $110 On August 27, paid $1100 for the business’s bank loan On August 28, gas bills $35 On August 30, extra salary cost to a new trainee $400 On August 30, purchased a new tv screen $600 On August 30, paid $6000 in salaries for the month of August. On August 30, received $14000 from haircuts services during the month of August. And $500 of selling gels, creams, and shampoos

  
On July 1, 2018, Tony and Suzie organize their new company as a corporation, Great Adventures Inc. The following transactions occur from August 1 through December 31. Also, the balances are provided for the month ended July 31.
  
The articles of incorporation state that the corporation will sell 27,000 shares of common stock for $1 each. Each share of stock represents a unit of ownership. Tony and Suzie will act as co-presidents of the company. The following business activities occur during July for Great Adventures.
  
Jul. 1 Sell $13,500 of common stock to Suzie.
Jul. 1 Sell $13,500 of common stock to Tony.
Jul. 1 Purchase a one-year insurance policy for $5,760 ($480 per month) to cover injuries to participants during outdoor clinics.
Jul. 2 Pay legal fees of $2,000 associated with incorporation.
Jul. 4 Purchase office supplies of $1,500 on account.
Jul. 7 Pay for advertising of $280 to a local newspaper for an upcoming mountain biking clinic to be held on July 15. Attendees will be charged $40 the day of the clinic.
Jul. 8 Purchase 10 mountain bikes, paying $18,900 cash.
Jul. 15 On the day of the clinic, Great Adventures receives cash of $2,400 from 60 bikers. Tony conducts the mountain biking clinic.
Jul. 22 Because of the success of the first mountain biking clinic, Tony holds another mountain biking clinic and the company receives $2,950.
Jul. 24 Pay for advertising of $710 to a local radio station for a kayaking clinic to be held on August 10. Attendees can pay $100 in advance or $150 on the day of the clinic.
Jul. 30 Great Adventures receives cash of $4,000 in advance from 40 kayakers for the upcoming kayak clinic.
Aug. 1 Great Adventures obtains a $41,000 low-interest loan for the company from the city council, which has recently passed an initiative encouraging business development related to outdoor activities. The loan is due in three years, and 6% annual interest is due each year on July 31.
Aug. 4 The company purchases 14 kayaks, paying $19,500 cash.
Aug. 10 Twenty additional kayakers pay $3,000 ($150 each), in addition to the $4,000 that was paid in advance on July 30, on the day of the clinic. Tony conducts the first kayak clinic.
Aug. 17 Tony conducts a second kayak clinic, and the company receives $12,500 cash.
Aug. 24 Office supplies of $1,500 purchased on July 4 are paid in full.
Sep. 1 To provide better storage of mountain bikes and kayaks when not in use, the company rents a storage shed, purchasing a one-year rental policy for $3,000 ($250 per month).
Sep. 21 Tony conducts a rock-climbing clinic. The company receives $14,900 cash.
Oct. 17 Tony conducts an orienteering clinic. Participants practice how to understand a topographical map, read an altimeter, use a compass, and orient through heavily wooded areas. The company receives $19,800 cash.
Dec. 1 Tony decides to hold the company’s first adventure race on December 15. Four-person teams will race from checkpoint to checkpoint using a combination of mountain biking, kayaking, orienteering, trail running, and rock-climbing skills. The first team in each category to complete all checkpoints in order wins. The entry fee for each team is $570.Dec. 5 To help organize and promote the race, Tony hires his college roommate, Victor. Victor will be paid $30 in salary for each team that competes in the race. His salary will be paid after the race.Dec. 8 The company pays $1,900 to purchase a permit from a state park where the race will be held. The amount is recorded as a miscellaneous expense.Dec. 12 The company purchases racing supplies for $2,700 on account due in 30 days. Supplies include trophies for the top-finishing teams in each category, promotional shirts, snack foods and drinks for participants, and field markers to prepare the racecourse.Dec. 15 The company receives $22,800 cash from a total of forty teams, and the race is held.Dec. 16 The company pays Victor’s salary of $1,200.
Dec. 31 The company pays a dividend of $3,400 ($1,700 to Tony and $1,700 to Suzie).
Dec. 31 Using his personal money, Tony purchases a diamond ring for $4,600. Tony surprises Suzie by proposing that they get married. Suzie accepts and they get married!

The following information relates to year-end adjusting entries as of December 31, 2018.
  
a. Depreciation of the mountain bikes purchased on July 8 and kayaks purchased on August 4 totals $7,900.
b. Six months’ worth of insurance has expired.
c. Four months’ worth of rent has expired.
d. Of the $1,500 of office supplies purchased on July 4, $390 remains.
e. Interest expense on the $41,000 loan obtained from the city council on August 1 should be recorded.
f. Of the $2,700 of racing supplies purchased on December 12, $130 remains.
g. Suzie calculates that the company owes $13,100 in income taxes.
  
Assume the following ending balances for the month of July.

1. Prepare an adjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2018.

2. For the period July 1 to December 31, 2018, prepare an income statement.

3. For the period July 1 to December 31, 2018, prepare a statement of stockholders’ equity. All account balances on July 1 were zero.

4. Prepare a classified balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)

Describe the journal entry for a stock dividend on common stock (which has a par value). Be sure to address the difference between a small and large stock dividend with regard to amounts used to adjust retained earnings. Since you are describing the journal entry, remember to address what accounts are used and any corresponding debits and credits.

explain any five functional areas of planning and staffing related to entrepreneurship.

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is directly related to auditing. Describe the relationship between ERM and auditing. Why is ERM important to an organization?