11-40 Make or buy, unknown level of volume. (A. Atkinson, adapted) Denver Engineering manufac- tures small engines that it sells to manufacturers who install them in products such as lawn mowers. The company currently manufactures all the parts used in these engines but is considering a proposal from an external supplier who wishes to supply the starter assemblies used in these engines.

The starter assemblies are currently manufactured in Division 3 of Denver Engineering. The costs relat- ing to the starter assemblies for the past 12 months were as follows:

Direct materials                                                  $550,000
Variable direct manufacturing labor $300,000

Manufacturing overhead $800,000
Total $1,650,000

Over the past year, Division 3 manufactured 150,000 starter assemblies. The average cost for each starter assembly is $10 ($1,500,000 / 150,000).

Further analysis of manufacturing overhead revealed the following information. Of the total manufac- turing overhead, only 25% is considered variable. Of the fixed portion, $300,000 is an allocation of general overhead that will remain unchanged for the company as a whole if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. A further $200,000 of the fixed overhead is avoidable if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. The balance of the current fixed overhead, $100,000, is the division manager’s salary. If Denver Engineering discontinues production of the starter assemblies, the manager of Division 3 will be transferred to Division 2 at the same salary. This move will allow the company to save the $80,000 salary that would otherwise be paid to attract an outsider to this position.

1. Tutwiler Electronics, a reliable supplier, has offered to supply starter-assembly units at $8 per unit. Because this price is less than the current average cost of $10 per unit, the vice president of manufacturing is eager to accept this offer. On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Denver Engineering accept the outside offer? Show your calculations. (Hint: Production output in the coming year may be different from production output in the past year.)
2. How, if at all, would your response to requirement 1 change if the company could use the vacated plant space for storage and, in so doing, avoid $100,000 of outside storage charges currently incurred? Why is this information relevant or irrelevant?

Discuss scenario where you apply the accounting codes of conduct and your own personal and professional code of ethics. I

Becton Labs, Inc., produces various chemical compounds for industrial use. One compound, called Fludex, is prepared using an elaborate distilling process. The company has developed standard costs for one unit of Fludex, as follows:

During November, the following activity was recorded related to the production of Fludex:

1. Materials purchased, 10,500 ounces at a cost of $216,825.

2. There was no beginning inventory of materials; however, at the end of the month, 2,600 ounces of material remained in ending inventory.

3. The company employs 20 lab technicians to work on the production of Fludex. During November, they each worked an average of 180 hours at an average pay rate of $14.00 per hour.

4. Variable manufacturing overhead is assigned to Fludex on the basis of direct labor-hours. Variable manufacturing overhead costs during November totaled $7,000.

5. During November, the company produced 3,700 units of Fludex.

Required:

1. For direct materials:

a. Compute the price and quantity variances.

b. The materials were purchased from a new supplier who is anxious to enter into a long-term purchase contract. Would you recommend that the company sign the contract?

2. For direct labor:

a. Compute the rate and efficiency variances.

b. In the past, the 20 technicians employed in the production of Fludex consisted of 8 senior technicians and 12 assistants. During November, the company experimented with fewer senior technicians and more assistants in order to reduce labor costs. Would you recommend that the new labor mix be continued?

3. Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

1) For direct materials, compute the price and quantity variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Materials quantity variance=? and U or F

Materials price Variance=? and U or F

2) For direct materials, the materials were purchased from a new supplier who is anxious to enter into a long-term purchase contract. Would you recommend that the company sign the contract?

yes or no

3) For direct labor, compute the rate and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Labor efficiency variance=? and U or F

Labor rate variance= ? and U or F

4) In the past, the 20 technicians employed in the production of Fludex consisted of 8 senior technicians and 12 assistants. During November, the company experimented with fewer senior technicians and more assistants in order to reduce labor costs. Would you recommend that the new labor mix be continued?

yes or no

5) Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Variable overhead rate variance=? and F or U

Variable overhead effiency variance=? and F or U

One of the longest debates in accounting history is the issue of deferred taxes. The controversy began in the 1940s and has continued, even after the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.109 [FASB ASC 740: Income Taxes] in 1992. At issue is the appropriate treatment of tax consequences of economic events that occur in years other than that of the events themselves.

Required:

1. Distinguish between temporary differences and permanent differences. Provide an example of each.

2. Distinguish between intraperiod tax allocation and interperiod tax allocation (deferred tax accounting) Provide an example of each.

3. How are deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities classified and reported in the financial statements?

Hedged Sale Commitment and Exposed Asset Position

On June 25, 2020, GlobalAgra Inc., a U.S. company, received a purchase order from a Swiss customer for delivery of merchandise on July 10, 2020, at a price of CHF10,000,000, payable in Swiss francs (CHF) on September 10, 2020. To hedge its exposure to exchange rate changes, on June 25, 2020, GlobalAgra entered a forward contract for delivery of CHF10,000,000 to the broker on September 10, 2020. The merchandise was delivered as scheduled. On September 10, 2020, GlobalAgra received payment from the customer, and delivered the Swiss francs to the broker to close the forward contract. GlobalAgra’s accounting year ends December 31. Exchange rates ($/ CHF) are as follows:

Required

Prepare the journal entries GlobalAgra made on July 10, 2020, and September 10, 2020, to record the above transactions.

JE #5: Redeem Bonds @ 101 on Jan 1st year #2 assuming Bond Interest payment has been made. This is a test of your total understanding of using the bond amortization table and basic accounting principles. 'Critical thinking' is required. Explanation should contain all data needed for someone else who has the amortization table to verify the JE.

Rhone-Metro Industries manufactures equipment that is sold or leased. On December 31, 2018, Rhone-Metro leased equipment to Western Soya Co. for a four-year period ending December 31, 2022, at which time possession of the leased asset will revert back to Rhone-Metro. The equipment cost $600,000 to manufacture and has an expected useful life of six years. Its normal sales price is $672,747. The expected residual value of $15,000 at December 31, 2022, is not guaranteed. Equal payments under the lease are $194,000 (including $4,000 maintenance costs) and are due on December 31 of each year. The first payment was made on December 31, 2018. Western Soya’s incremental borrowing rate is 12%. Western Soya knows the interest rate implicit in the lease payments is 10%. Both companies use straight-line depreciation. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.)

Required:

1. Show how Rhone-Metro calculated the $194,000 annual lease payments.
2. How should this lease be classified (a) by Western Soya Co. (the lessee) and (b) by Rhone-Metro Industries (the lessor)?
3. Prepare the appropriate entries for both Western Soya Co. and Rhone-Metro on December 31, 2018.
4. Prepare an amortization schedule(s) describing the pattern of interest over the lease term for the lessee and the lessor.
5. Prepare the appropriate entries for both Western Soya and Rhone-Metro on December 31, 2019 (the second lease payment and amortization).
6. Prepare the appropriate entries for both Western Soya and Rhone-Metro on December 31, 2022, assuming the equipment is returned to Rhone-Metro and the actual residual value on that date is $2,000.

Statement of Cost of Goods Manufactured for a Manufacturing Company

Cost data for Disksan Manufacturing Company for the month ended January 31 are as follows:

a. Prepare a cost of goods manufactured statement for January.

b. Determine the cost of goods sold for January.
$

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Manufacturing Income Statement, Statement of Cost of Goods Manufactured

Several items are omitted from the income statement and cost of goods manufactured statement data for two different companies for the month of December.

Required:

1. Determine the amounts of the missing items, identifying them by letter. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

2. Prepare On Company's statement of cost of goods manufactured for December.

3. Prepare On Company's income statement for December.

Thank you so much for your help!!

1. Explain value-based management and how shareholder value relates to the interaction between product and capital markets. How does corporate governance impact the decisions of management?

2. Discuss how accounting standards have developed in the United States. What factors have had the most influence on accounting and how the standards have developed over time? What organization(s) do you feel have influenced US GAAP the most? Why?

You are a certified public accountant. A client enters your office on April 14 with a bag full of disorganized documents and receipts. He asks you to prepare his tax return and would be happy to file an extension. However, the client expresses some urgency and would like to file the actual tax return as soon as possible because he says, “I should get a refund for all the huge deductions.”When looking through the client’s documents and compiling the tax return, you realize that there are not enough supporting documents for deductions that would result in a refund. Review the following to inform your discussion: Circular 230: Regulations Governing Practice Before the Internal Revenue Service and the Practitioners' Responsibilities in Complying With Records Requests.

Required:

Suggest two alternate solutions to communicate to the client while being in compliance with Circular 230.

Flexible Budgeting and Variance Analysis

I Love My Chocolate Company makes dark chocolate and light chocolate. Both products require cocoa and sugar. The following planning information has been made available:

I Love My Chocolate Company does not expect there to be any beginning or ending inventories of cocoa or sugar. At the end of the budget year, I Love My Chocolate Company had the following actual results:

Required:

1. Prepare the following variance analyses for both chocolates and the total, based on the actual results and production levels at the end of the budget year:

     a. Direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total variance.

     b. Direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total variance.

Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

2. The variance analyses should be based on the   amounts at   volumes. The budget must flex with the volume changes. If the   volume is different from the planned volume, as it was in this case, then the budget used for performance evaluation should reflect the change in direct materials and direct labor that will be required for the   production. In this way, spending from volume changes can be separated from efficiency and price variances.