Whirly corporation most recent income statement is shown below:

Total Per Unit

Sales (7,600 units) 243,200 32.00

Variable Expenses 144,400 19.00

Contribution Margin 98,800

Fixed Expenses 55,300

Net Operating Income 43,500

Required:

Prepare a new contribution format income statement under each of the following conditions (consider each case independently):

1. The sales volume increases by 60 units

2. The Sales Volume decreases by 60 units

3. The Sales Volume is 6,600

The following selected data were taken from the accounting records of Metcalf Manufacturing. The company uses direct-labor hours as its cost driver for overhead costs.

March’s costs consisted of machine supplies ($219,300), depreciation ($29,500), and plant maintenance ($644,200). These costs exhibit the following respective behavior: variable, fixed, and semivariable.

The manufacturing overhead figures presented in the preceding table do not include Metcalf’s supervisory labor cost, which is step-fixed in nature. For volume levels of less than 15,000 hours, supervisory labor amounts to $74,500. The cost is $149,000 from 15,000–29,999 hours and $223,500 when activity reaches 30,000 hours or more.

Required:

1. Determine the machine supplies cost and depreciation for January.

2. Using the high-low method, analyze Metcalf’s plant maintenance cost and calculate the monthly fixed portion and the variable cost per direct-labor hour.

3. Assume that present cost behavior patterns continue into the latter half of the year. Estimate the total amount of manufacturing overhead the company can expect in November if 29,300 direct-labor hours are worked.

Moravia Company processes and packages cream cheese. The following data have been compiled for the month of April. Conversion activity occurs uniformly throughout the production process.

Prepare schedules to accomplish each of the following process-costing steps for the month of April. Use the weighted-average method of process costing.

Required:

1. Analysis of physical flow of units.

2. Calculation of equivalent units.

3. Computation of unit costs. (Round "Cost per Equivalent Unit" to 2 decimal places.)

4. Analysis of total costs. (Round "Cost per Equivalent Unit" to 2 decimal places.)

ABC Incorporated began operations on Jan 1^st, 2012 with an initial issuance of 10,000 shares,( each with par value $0.10), for $5 per share

1. On Jan 1^st, 2012, the company purchased a two-year fire insurance policy worth $10,000 and had paid it with cash.
2. Company purchased equipment worth $100,000 on Jan 1^st by signing a one-year Notes Payable. Interest rate on the loan was 8% and the interest and the entire principal will be paid on Jan 1^st 2013. The depreciation on equipment for the year 2012 was $20,000
3. On February 1^st, 2012 the company entered into a contract to provide consulting services. It received an advance of $120,000. The company performs 5% of the work for which it was contracted, every month.
4. On November 15^th, 2012, the company bought a piece of land for $200,000 by taking a 30-year mortgage loan.
5. On Dec 1^st, the company makes a mortgage payment $2,000 which was composed of $1,500 principal payment and $500 interest expense.
6. In 2012, the company purchased (in cash) and used up office supplies worth $20,000.
7. Company purchased Investments worth $20,000 on Apr 1^st 2012. The company receives 10% interest on its Investments annually on June 30^th
8. On Feb 15^th, 2012, the company bought toys inventory worth $90,000 on credit from its suppliers.
9. On March 20^th, 2012, the company sold toys for $180,000. The company received 50% cash and the rest remained on account. The cost of these toys sold was $40,000
10. The company’s franchisees owe ABC’s $800 in royalties for sales the franchisees made in the last week of December 2012.
11. Utilities expenses for the year 2012 were $10,000 and were paid in cash.
12. Wages accrued in the last week of 2012 were $2,000 and will be paid in the first week of 2013.
13. On December 15^th, 2012, the company declared cash dividends of $20,000 which will be paid sometime in 2013.

Prepare the journal entries (both regular and adjusting), trial balance, Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings and Balance Sheet for the year ending December 31^st 2012. Also create a T-Account for Cash.

Lionel Corporation manufactures pharmaceutical products sold through a network of sales agents in the United States and Canada. The agents are currently paid an 18% commission on sales; that percentage was used when Lionel prepared the following budgeted income statement for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2019:

Since the completion of the income statement, Lionel has learned that its sales agents are requiring a 5% increase in their commission rate (to 23%) for the upcoming year. As a result, Lionel’s president has decided to investigate the possibility of hiring its own sales staff in place of the network of sales agents and has asked Alan Chen, Lionel’s controller, to gather information on the costs associated with this change.

Alan estimates that Lionel must hire eight salespeople to cover the current market area, at an average annual payroll cost for each employee of $80,000, including fringe benefits expense. Travel and entertainment expenses is expected to total $770,000 for the year, and the annual cost of hiring a sales manager and sales secretary will be $235,000. In addition to their salaries, the eight salespeople will each earn commissions at the rate of 10% of sales. The president believes that Lionel also should increase its advertising budget by $670,000 if the eight salespeople are hired.

Required

1. Determine Lionel’s breakeven point (operating profit = 0) in sales dollars for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2019, if the company hires its own sales force and increases its advertising costs. Prove this by constructing a contribution income statement.

2. If Lionel continues to sell through its network of sales agents and pays the higher commission rate, determine the estimated volume in sales dollars that would be required to generate the operating profit as projected in the budgeted income statement.

Breakeven point (in sales dollars): _____________

Contribution Income Statement

Sales ___________

- Variable costs:

Sales commissions _____________

Cost of goods sold ___________=

Contribution margin: ____________

Fixed costs:

Exisiting:____________

+Incremental: ___________=____________

Operating income; _______________________

Great Lakes Distributors buys 100,000 bushels of soybean futures at $9.95 per bushel, to cover a commitment to deliver 100,000 bushels of soybeans to a customer in 60 days at a price of $10.25 per bushel. No margin deposit is required. Spot and futures prices for soybeans are equal and fluctuate between $9.50 and $10.40 per bushel. On the day of delivery to the customer, Great Lakes closes its futures position and buys soybeans in the spot market to fulfill its agreement with the customer.

a. Calculate the cost per bushel to Great Lakes if the spot price at the time of purchase is $9.50. Calculate the cost per bushel if the spot price is $10.40.

b. Prepare the entries Great Lakes makes to record the above events if the spot price is $10.20 per bushel on the day the futures contract is closed, Great Lakes buys the soybeans on the spot market, and delivers them to the customer. The futures position qualifies as a fair value hedge of the firm commitment to sell soybeans to the customer. Great Lakes records income effects of these transactions in cost of goods sold.

1. In thinking about overcoming the negative publicity and securities fraud fines related to revenue fraud, some companies succeed and move on, while others fail following the fraud. What forces might influence corporate “survivability” in the face of financial reporting fraud related to revenue?

Do the pluses of using credit cards out-weigh the minuses?

Mauro Products distributes a single product, a woven basket whose selling price is $15 and whose variable expense is $12 per unit. The company's monthly fixed expense is $4,200.

Required:

1. Solve for the company's break-even point in unit sales using the equation method.
2. Solve for the company's break-even point in sales dollars using the equation method and the CM ratio.
3. Solve for the company's break-even point in unit sales using the formula method.
4. Solve for the company's break-even point in sales dollars using the formula method and the CM ratio.

Whitelands, Inc. had $100 of cash and shareholders’ equity as the result of its initial sale of stock on January 1, 2012. During its first month of operations, Whitelands had the following operating transactions: Date Transaction 1/1 Paid $24 cash in advance to rent a store for one year 1/1 Purchased 2 units of inventory on credit costing $4 each 1/3 Purchased 3 units of inventory on credit costing $5 each 1/10 Purchased 4 units of inventory on credit costing $6 each 1/21 Paid for the January 1 inventory purchase 1/23 Paid for the January 3 inventory purchase 1/30 Sold 7 units of inventory at $10 each on credit 1/30 Matched the inventory cost to January 30 sales on a FIFO basis 1/31 Estimated that 10% of credit sales will not be realized in cash 1/31 Adjusted the prepaid rent account Required: 1. Record the journal entries for the above transactions. 2. Present Whitelands’ income statement for January 2014. 3. Report Whitelands’ balance sheet on January 31, 2014. 4. Close the revenue and expense accounts to retained earnings.  

The following expenditures are related to land, land improvements and buildings, which were acquired on November 1, 2015.

Cost of real estate acquired for a new manufacturing plant S365,000 (the land is appraised for $262,800 and the building for $102,200)

Real estate taxes paid by the purchaser......$20,000

Cost of removing a barn..... $8,500

Architect's fees for updating the building..... $6750

Attorneys fees for closing the sale..... $12500

Grading land.... $3500

paving parking lot......$7000

Planting trees and shrubs.......$9250

Cost of repairs to building due to storm during construction..... $1300

lights placed on driveway .... $750

fee to real estate broker..... $2500

a) determine the cost of the land, the building and the improvements (round to nearest dollar)

b)prepare journal entries on Dec. 31, 2015 for depreciation assuming the building will have a useful life of 20 years and no residual value. Use double declining balance method and the half-year convention. Depreciate the land improvements using straight line method, a 5 year life, to the nearest month with zero residual value (to the nearest dollar).

1. Why do businesses use budgets?
2. What information can you learn from a business about its priorities from reading its budget?
3. What would you change about the budgeting process if you could change one thing?

The company's chart of accounts follows:

Use the following information:

1. Prepaid insurance of $139 has expired this month.
2. At the end of the month, $600 of office supplies are still available.
3. This month’s depreciation on the computer equipment is $500.
4. Employees earned $320 of unpaid and unrecorded salaries as of month-end.
5. The company earned $2,200 of commissions that are not yet billed at month-end.

Required:
1. & 2. Prepare journal entries to record the transactions for April and post them to the ledger accounts in Requirement 6b. The company records prepaid and unearned items in balance sheet accounts.
3. Using account balances from Requirement 6b, prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of April 30.
4. Journalize the adjusting entries for the month and prepare the adjusted trial balance.
5a. Prepare the income statement for the month of April 30.
5b. Prepare the statement of retained earnings for the month of April 30.
5c. Prepare the balance sheet at April 30.
6a. Prepare journal entries to close the temporary accounts and then post to Requirement 6b.
6b. Post the journal entries to the ledger.
7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.

Wingate Company, a wholesale distributor of electronic equipment, has been experiencing losses for some time, as shown by its most recent monthly contribution format income statement:

In an effort to resolve the problem, the company would like to prepare an income statement segmented by division. Accordingly, the Accounting Department has developed the following information:

Required:

1. Prepare a contribution format income statement segmented by divisions.

2-a. The Marketing Department has proposed increasing the West Division's monthly advertising by $24,000 based on the belief that it would increase that division's sales by 15%. Assuming these estimates are accurate, how much would the company's net operating income increase (decrease) if the proposal is implemented?

2-b. Would you recommend the increased advertising?

1.

2.

The Marketing Department has proposed increasing the West Division's monthly advertising by $24,000 based on the belief that it would increase that division's sales by 15%. Assuming these estimates are accurate, how much would the company's net operating income increase (decrease) if the proposal is implemented? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

3.

Would you recommend the increased advertising?

Yogurt Vi (pronounced vee) is a frozen yogurt restaurant with several locations in Ohio. Customers will select the flavor of frozen yogurt they want and fill their cup from the self-serve machine with the desired amount of the frozen yogurt. Next the customer will proceed to the toppings bar, where they can select from a large variety of toppings including strawberries, kiwis, gummy bears, chocolate chips, crushed Oreos, M&M candies, sprinkles, salted caramels, and many other toppings. Once the customer has finished adding toppings, the customer then proceeds to the cash register where the cup of frozen yogurt and toppings is weighed. The customer is charged a flat fee of $0.48 per ounce.

Questions 1: Do you think that Yogurt Vi pays the same amount to its suppliers for each of the toppings? For example, is it probable that fresh strawberries cost the exact same amount as M&M candies? Do you think the toppings would cost the same amount as the frozen yogurt mix that is put into the soft-serve machines?

Question 2: From a technical viewpoint, do you think Yogurt Vi would use a job costing system or a process costing system for calculating the cost of each customer’s order? Explain.

Question 3: From a practical standpoint, do you think Yogurt Vi would use a job costing system or a process costing system for calculating the cost of each customer’s order? Explain.