Question

Copy and paste the following questions in the submit box below and find the location where the following information is found:

Give the line numbers where the hypothesis occurs.
Give the line numbers where the experiment is described.
Give the line numbers where the results are presented.
Do you see signs of pseudoscience in this article, if so, Give the line numbers. Briefly describe the graph:

1. 1 Pesticides suspected in mass die-off of bees Text excerpted from March 29, 2012|By Eryn Brown, Los Angeles Times

2. 2 Scientists have identified a new suspect in the mysterious die-off of bees in recent years � a class of

3. 3 pesticides that appear to be lethal in indirect ways. The chemicals, known as neonicotinoids, are designed

4. 4 to target a variety of sucking and chewing insects, including aphids and beetles. Bees are known to ingest

5. 5 the poison when they eat the pollen and nectar of treated plants, though in doses so tiny that it was not

6. 6 seen as a threat.

7. 7 A study published online Thursday by the journal Science indicate that the pesticides are not altogether

8. 8 benign. The study used miniature radio frequency chips to track honeybees and found that the pesticide

9. 9 impaired their ability to navigate back to the hive after a feeding expedition.

10. 10 Beekeepers became alarmed that honeybees were vanishing from their nests across the U.S. in the fall of

11. 11 2006 � victims of a perplexing and pervasive malady now known as colony collapse disorder that wiped

12. 12 out as many as 90% of bees, in some cases. Scientists don't know exactly why the ailment strikes, but

13. 13 they believe it results from a combination of habitat degradation, infection by pathogens and parasites and

14. 14 pesticide use. Researchers have also documented sharp declines in bumblebees, which are important crop

15. 15 pollinators but are not domesticated.

16. 16 Neonicotinoid pesticides were developed to eradicate insects without threatening mammals. The

17. 17 chemicals, which are incorporated into the tissues, leaves and flowers of plants, target the central nervous

18. 18 system, leading to paralysis and death. Farmers began using them in the early 1990s.

19. 19 Past studies have explored effects of neonicotinoids in the lab, finding that they might harm bees'

20. 20 memory, learning and orientation. But the new study is among the first to examine the pesticides' effects

21. 21 on bees under real-world conditions.

22. 22 The study led by researchers from the French National Institute for Agricultural Research, or INRA,

23. 23 focused on honeybees, which have been victimized by colony collapse disorder throughout the Northern

24. 24 Hemisphere.

25. 25 First they glued special radio frequency identification tags to the bees' thoraxes. Then they fed the bees

26. 26 sublethal doses of a neonicotinoid and monitored the insects as they attempted to return to the hive.

1. 27 The research team discovered that the "intoxicated" bees were about twice as likely as unexposed bees to

2. 28 die because they couldn't find their way home. Computer simulations suggested that these no-shows could

3. 29 cause hive populations to crash in a matter of weeks, said study coauthor Mickael Henry, a researcher at

4. 30 INRA in Avignon. The weakened colonies would be especially vulnerable to environmental

5. 31 stresses such as climate change or disease, he added.

32

1. 33 The new findings lend support to the notion that pesticides contribute to colony collapse, but

2. 34 leave open the likelihood that habitat destruction and illness play a role too, scientists said.

3. 35 "There are a whole lot of things that stress the honeybees," said Eric Mussen, a honeybee

4. 36 specialist at UC Davis. "You can't point your finger at one thing and say, 'That is the problem.' "

5. 37 Mussen cautioned against singling out neonicotinoids when other pesticides could have similar

6. 38 effects on bees. Besides, he said, many insects have built up immunity to neonicotinoids, so

7. 39 farmers are likely to switch to different pesticides anyway.

B: Bees released at a random location a kilometer away from the hive. Vertical axis shows relative number of bees returning to hive (1 = 100%)

Graph from: Henry, M., Beguin, M., Requier, F., Rollin, O., Odoux, J., Aupinel, P., Aptel, J., Tchamitchian, S., & Decourtye, A. (2012). A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees Science

Answer 1

1)http://articles.latimes.com/2012/mar/29/science/la-sci-bees-pesticides-20120330

2)http://qz.com/107970/scientists-discover-whats-killing-the-bees-and-its-worse-than-you-thought/

3)http://nbba.wordpress.com/2012/05/30/pesticides-suspected-in-mass-die-off-of-bees/

4)http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/bees/featured/2

5)http://b2science.org/news?page=16

6)http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/world/asia/nsa-breached-chinese-servers-seen-as-spy-peril.html?_r=0

7)http://www.pdsgsnm.org/pesticides-pd/220-2/

8)http://www.truthdig.com/eartotheground/item/scientists_find_potential_clue_to_bee_mystery_20120330

9)http://nbba.wordpress.com/

10)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder

11)http://www.stpeterscollege.ca/library/new/Past_Lists.php

12)http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_bees01.htm

13)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_virulence

14)http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/researchers-find-alarming-decline-in-bumblebees

15)http://www.natureserve.org/conservation-tools/data-maps-tools/digital-maps-distribution-five-pollinator-species

16)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecticide

17)http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/124/2/507.full

18)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Period

19)http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/bee-deaths-reversal-as-evidence-points-away-from-neonics-as-driver-pressure-builds-to-rethink-ban/

20)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338325/

21)http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2013/07/bee-colony-collapse-disorder-fungicides

22)http://inra.academia.edu/DominiqueFournier

23)http://freesoil.org/wordpress/?page_id=46

24)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere

25)http://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/22/3981.full

26)http://www.domain-b.com/environment/20120330_pesticides_killing_oneView.html

1. 27https://www.causes.com/actions/1657802-tell-the-epa-to-make-chemical-companies-accountable-for-their-bee-killing-pesticides

2. 28http://www.nature.com/news/simulations-back-up-theory-that-universe-is-a-hologram-1.14328

3.29http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/03/29/10921493-neonicotinoid-pesticides-tied-to-crashing-bee-populations-2-studies-find

4.30http://www.domain-b.com/environment/20120330_pesticides_killing_3.html

5. 31http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh/climatechange/health_impacts/mental_health/

32

1.33 http://eartheasy.com/blog/2012/04/new-studies-find-pesticide-a-cause-of-bee-colony-collapse/

2.34 http://www.ecollegetimes.com/student-life/pesticides-suspected-in-mass-die-off-of-bees-1.2722443

3.35 http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/?blogstart=641&blogasset=45538&close=yes

4.36 http://homeorchard.ucdavis.edu/?blogstart=641&blogasset=45538&close=yes

5.37 http://ucanr.edu/sites/VCMG/?blogtag=neonicotinoids&blogasset=36861

6.38 http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/?blogtag=neonicotinoids&blogasset=45538

7.39 http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/science-sushi/2011/07/18/mythbusting-101-organic-farming-conventional-agriculture/