Question

Properties of Organic compounds

i want you to explain each of the following bullets briefly. Make sure its based on the lab itself, not just any general explanation.

In this lab, we will investigate how to measure the physical properties of organic compounds.The properties that we will be concerned with are:

•water solubility of organic solvents

•density of organic solvents

•boiling points of organic solvents

•melting points of organic solids

•solubility of organic compounds in organic solvents and water

Also id really appreciate if u can write a paragraph explaining main purpose of this lab. thanks

Answer 1

water solubility of organic solvents

If you pour Some organic solvents to water, It will mix. Some other solvents will not mix and form a separate layer with a visible boundary between them. This behaviour is their solubility in water. It mainly due to whether the molecular forces in the solvent are similar to or different from the molecular forces in water. If the solvent has similar intermolecular forces as that of water, more likely the solvent will dissolve in water. For lab practical’s, it is very important to know that which solvent is soluble in water. For separation process and some other process it is very important.

density of organic solvents

Most of the organic solvents have low density than water. Some solvents have density higher than water. The density of an organic solvent is determined by how strong the intermolecular forces are and how heavy the atoms in the molecules are. Molecules with light atoms and weak intermolecular forces have low densities, while molecules with heavier atoms or stronger intermolecular forces have higher densities. For lab practical’s, it is very important to know that which solvent is denser than water and particularly important for solvents which are not soluble in water. Low density solvent will float above the water layer but high density solvent will come below the water layer.

boiling points of organic solvents

Some organic solvents are boil at very low temperature and some are boils at high temperature. The boiling point of a solvent is determined by the size of its molecules as well as by the strength of its intermolecular forces. Low boiling points solvents evaporate easily; it requires mild temperature to remove. It is very important that which solvent is low boiling and which is high. Boiling point will affect due to the atmospheric pressure. That also should know. It is also important in lab to choose the solvents.

solubility of organic compounds in organic solvents and water

All solids are not dissolving in all solvents. The capability of a solvent to dissolve the solid compounds depends on how similar its polarity is to the compound. Polar likes polar. So nonpolar solvents are best for nonpolar compounds and polar solvents are best for polar compounds. But organic compounds are varying the solubility. Ionic compounds will only dissolve in highly polar solvents, with water usually being the best solvent. The polarities of different solvents are due to dielectric constant, how a substance interacts with an electric field. It is also important in lab.

melting points of organic solids

Melting point of organic solid is very important for lab. The purity of the prepared compound can be confirmed by the melting point. If melting point is wrong, then the compound is impure and need more purification.