Question

In: Chemistry

For each of the following acid-base reactions, calculate how many grams of each acid are necessary...

For each of the following acid-base reactions, calculate how many grams of each acid are necessary to completely react with and neutralize 2.8 g of the base.

Part A : HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→H2O(l)+NaCl(aq)

Part B : 2HNO3(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)→2H2O(l)+Ca(NO3)2(aq)

Part C : H2SO4(aq)+2KOH(aq)→2H2O(l)+K2SO4(aq)

Express your answer using two significant figures.

Solutions

Expert Solution

A)

Molar mass of NaOH = 1*MM(Na) + 1*MM(O) + 1*MM(H)

= 1*22.99 + 1*16.0 + 1*1.008

= 39.998 g/mol

mass of NaOH = 2.8 g

mol of NaOH = (mass)/(molar mass)

= 2.8/39.998

= 0.0700 mol

From balanced chemical reaction, we see that

when 1 mol of NaOH reacts, 1 mol of HCl is formed

mol of HCl formed = moles of NaOH

= 0.07 mol

Molar mass of HCl = 1*MM(H) + 1*MM(Cl)

= 1*1.008 + 1*35.45

= 36.458 g/mol

mass of HCl = number of mol * molar mass

= 0.07*36.458

= 2.55 g

Answer: 2.6 g

B)

Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 = 1*MM(Ca) + 2*MM(O) + 2*MM(H)

= 1*40.08 + 2*16.0 + 2*1.008

= 74.096 g/mol

mass of Ca(OH)2 = 2.8 g

mol of Ca(OH)2 = (mass)/(molar mass)

= 2.8/74.096

= 0.0378 mol

From balanced chemical reaction, we see that

when 1 mol of Ca(OH)2 reacts, 2 mol of HNO3 is formed

mol of HNO3 formed = (2/1)* moles of Ca(OH)2

= (2/1)*0.0378

= 0.0756 mol

Molar mass of HNO3 = 1*MM(H) + 1*MM(N) + 3*MM(O)

= 1*1.008 + 1*14.01 + 3*16.0

= 63.018 g/mol

mass of HNO3 = number of mol * molar mass

= 0.0756*63.018

= 4.76 g

Answer: 4.8 g

C)

Molar mass of KOH = 1*MM(K) + 1*MM(O) + 1*MM(H)

= 1*39.1 + 1*16.0 + 1*1.008

= 56.108 g/mol

mass of KOH = 2.8 g

mol of KOH = (mass)/(molar mass)

= 2.8/56.108

= 0.0499 mol

From balanced chemical reaction, we see that

when 2 mol of KOH reacts, 1 mol of H2SO4 is formed

mol of H2SO4 formed = (1/2)* moles of KOH

= (1/2)*0.0499

= 0.025 mol

Molar mass of H2SO4 = 2*MM(H) + 1*MM(S) + 4*MM(O)

= 2*1.008 + 1*32.07 + 4*16.0

= 98.086 g/mol

mass of H2SO4 = number of mol * molar mass

= 0.025*98.086

= 2.45 g

Answer: 2.5 g


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