Question

1) Why are alkynes considered acidic and then also considered good nucleophiles?…Aren't bases good nucleophiles?…” (Note: Explain the acidic nature of alkynes and how they can be converted to good nucleophiles. )

2) Explain the concept of Solvolysis in a way it is easy to understand

Answer 1

Answer – 1) We know the terminal alkyne proton easily abstracted by base and forming the conjugate base. The negative charge on the sp hybridized is more stable, since there is 50 % 2s orbital character and it is close with the positively charged nucleus than 2p orbital, so the negative charge on the sp hybridized is more stable and we know the acidic compound donate proton and form the stable conjugate base, so alkyne acts as acidic, since it donates proton and its conjugate base is more stable.

We also know the strong conjugate base also act as good nucleophile, since nucleophile means the electron rich species and which can attack on the electrophile. The after donating the proton from alkyne there is formed conjugate base, so it is also act as good nucleophile.

2) The solvolysis means solvent molecule reacts with solute molecules in such way that solvent molecules from the ions or charged species, means solvent molecule gets split in to two part and these one part or either two tow part attached with solute molecule or ion. So in the solvolysis there is splitting of the solvent molecule for the dissolving the solute molecules or making a platform where solute molecule gets stabilized. In short solvolysis means heterolytic cleavage of solvent molecule itself and there is no needed solute molecule also gets cleavage.

When we use the water as solvent then it is hydrolysis. Example is like sodium acetate when we placed in the water solvent then water gets split and there is H goes with acetate and OH^- goes with sodium and there is formed acetic acid and sodium hydroxide, so there is water solvent gets solvolysis.